A.I. Literary Chat Salon

Malcolm X 100: Lessons Learned from His Life and Legacy

5/13/2025

“What I owe Malcolm X for more than anything else, is validation of both my right and my ability to speak truth to power, whether I felt terrified to do so or not, during those deadly precarious times when uttering such statements could, at the very least, cost me my
freedom. Or at the very most, cost me either my life or
that of someone I loved.”
Author-Poet-Artist Aberjhani

Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz), born May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, left the world an exemplary legacy of historic activism, self-determination, and transformative personal growth. As citizens of the globe in 2025 mark 100 years since his birth, his life invites reflection on the values of courage and conviction amid threats of tyranny and persecution.

Contemporary American author-poet Aberjhani––himself a native of Savannah, Georgia––has openly credited Malcolm X’s life example with empowering his life and career in critical ways, including through essential lessons on: 1) Speaking truth to power; 2) self-education as liberation; 3) creative resistance; 4) interwoven history; and 5) Global solidarity.

1. SPEAKING TRUTH TO POWER

Power comes in many forms: physical, political, economic, spiritual, and social, among other manifestations. How power is utilized by those who possess it in abundance can have life-altering impacts upon the world’s diverse populations. That makes effective communication with such entities, when necessary, crucial.
The quote at the beginning of this article was shared by the well-known creative and activist Aberjhani in honor of Malcolm X’s centennial. The statement represents his acknowledgement of how reading the classic Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, gave him confidence to stand up against injustice, despite fear of persecution. This spirit of courage echoes Malcolm X’s own example. Despite the fact that it often put his life, and that of his beloved family in danger, he relentlessly used every media platform he could to confront racial tyranny and economic exploitation in America.

He addressed his appeals as vigorously to those considered oppressed as he did to those identified as oppressors: “Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice… If you’re a man, you take it.” This statement from Malcolm X Speaks underscores a conviction very much in line with the Savannah writer’s acknowledgement.

By highlighting “validation of my right and ability to speak truth to power,” the editor of The Wisdom of W.E.B. Du Bois and co-author of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance affirms the great leader’s teaching that one cannot remain silent or inactive when confronted by politically volatile conditions. In the life of both the historic leader and the contemporary creative, speaking up became an act of courage. In 1964, Malcolm X insisted, “Time is on the side of the oppressed today… Truth is on the side of the oppressed today, it’s against the oppressor,” implying that moral truth eventually prevails. His statement aligns closely with Martin Luther King Jr.’s assertion that “the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.” Aberjhani’s noted determination may be viewed as a direct link to both.

The concept has become a frequently-cited one among American protesters looking forward to the November 2026 midterm elections. With the new elections comes opportunities, as voters, to either reject or support the POTUS’s cancellation of longstanding public service programs via a succession of executive orders and his DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency) initiative.

2. SELF-EDUCATION AS LIBERATION

It may be argued that despite the relative briefness of his life, Minister X was a lifelong learner. As recounted in his autobiography, different stages of growth and development saw him evolve from birth as Malcolm Little to: street hustler Detroit Red, a rage-filled prisoner nicknamed Satan in Massachusetts’s Charlestown State Prison, then devout Muslim Malcolm X at the Norfolk Prison Colony, and finally becoming El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz in 1964 during his pilgrimage to Mecca.

Much of his celebrated historic status comes from the famous story of how he strove to educate himself while imprisoned in Norfolk. Instead of simply marking off calendar days while awaiting release, he attended the prison’s school, increased his literacy skills by copying words and definitions from a dictionary, and joined a debating society. Those intense studies began his transformation from his assumed identities as Detroit Red and Satan, to that of the emerging leader who would soon make such an indelible imprint upon humanity’s collective conscience. He described this experience of personal evolution as his former ways of thinking sliding “away from me, like snow off a roof. It is as though someone else I knew of had lived by hustling and crime.”

The idea that you could grow and become more than what an oppressive society said one could become was not lost on Aberjhani. This is poignantly evident from his poem “Return to Savannah,” in which he describes himself as “a stupid little Hitch Village boy/ feet covered with red dirt/ and blackberry stains,/ snot flowing like panic and river water/… his dreams containing just enough genius/ to save his mystified ass…”

The Hitch Village in the above lines refers to a government housing project in Savannah. The value of education was constantly impressed upon him but he developed a fondness for comic books (which he would purchase two-for-a-nickel at a pawn shop) that developed into self-directed reading of different kinds of biographies, novels, and short stories. Recognizing his intellectual potential, a high school guidance counselor enrolled him in the Upward Bound College Prep Program at Savannah State College (now University). The program led to his initial acceptance at a small college in Florida, and later to attend more colleges and universities in the U.S. where he studied journalism, literature, and the American Community. Later in his life, independent studies of world literature and global spiritual traditions led to the experience of a profound dream that gave him his singular name.

With the U.S. presidential administration’s pledge in 2025 to dismantle the education system, and the repeal of Diversity Equity and Inclusion programs designed to ensure access to quality schooling for all Americans, Malcolm’s warning that, “Without education, you’re not going anywhere” has begun to take on foreboding tones. Decreasing the means to attain necessary education or training means increasing the likelihood of antagonistic divisiveness and conflicts among different cultural groups. It is the kind of avoidable clash which Aberjhani has often cautioned against on social media posts when using the hashtag #CompassionSavesLives.

3. CREATIVE RESISTANCE: A CASE STUDY

Students of Malcolm X's speeches and writings recognize that they were not merely political; they were deeply personal and impressively poetic. His ability to articulate the Black experience with eloquence and urgency inspired generations of artists and activists. As Tamara Payne points out in her introduction to The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X, written with her father Les Payne (1941-2018): “…numerous rappers and activists quoted Malcolm in their lyrics and interviews on radio and television.” Aberjhani can be counted among them as someone who has honored his legacy by using his writings and art (like the digital painting provided for this article) to promote legislative accountability and inspire peaceful corrections of social injustices. One important example is the following excerpt from Greeting Flanney O’Connor at the Back Door of My Mind:

…I knew staying permanently in the South was not a viable option because I was too fond of moving forward while the dominant mindset, ruling and otherwise, promoted a perennial parochial comfort zone which many native to the city and of my generation tended to find suffocating. An illustration of this came when, once back in Savannah, I took a job at an east side liquor store where my White supervisor loudly reprimanded me in front of co-workers for reading The Autobiography of Malcolm X during a lunch break. A Black female employee reading romance novels while on the clock and at the register, however, was not a problem. To my way of thinking, our supervisor’s attempt to control what I read on my own time was no less deplorable, or deadly, than the Scientologists’ bid in San Francisco to manipulate my beliefs and actions. To decide if it would be a good idea to join the U.S. Air Force before thoughts of violent retaliation got the better of me, I listed pros and cons in different columns. The pros won.” (Greeting Flannery, pbk p.130)

In this example, the author ultimately chose to join the Air Force––a practical, disciplined path––over violent retaliation. His decision provided him with crucial experience as a military journalist, documentarian, and equal opportunity enforcement officer. The choice mirrors Malcolm X’s decision to build institutions (like the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and the newspaper Muhammad Speaks) rather than resort to undirected rage. In other words, Minister X’s personal growth – from street hustler to enlightened minister – teaches the value of channeling righteous anger into individual empowerment and positive actions. Aberjhani’s listing of pros and cons like a careful strategist reflects a similar praxis exhibited by the minister as he continued maturing and evolving.

At least two more major biographies on Malcolm X have been published since Alex Haley gave the world its first groundbreaking narrative on the man who would become El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. Manning Marable’s Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (2011) and Paynes’ The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X (2020) both won Pulitzer Prizes for adding rich details and expanded context to the iconic leader’s original autobiography. However, for Aberjhani and others, the original stands as an indispensable historic text due to the minister’s direct participation in its composition and its initial international impact upon publication just months after his assassination.

4. INTERWOVEN HISTORY

Based on studies of his country’s past and the historical times through which he was living, Malcolm X concluded that democracy was practiced selectively—providing freedom and opportunity to the privileged but subjugating Black Americans through institutional racism. He courageously argued that officials of the U.S. government, while professing democratic values, operated as an oppressive regime for Black people. This regime was marked by voter suppression, police brutality, and systemic inequality. Unfortunately, the persistence of these conditions outlined in the 1960s became apparent during the 2020s pandemic. Many would argue they remain so at this time as people around the world observe the centennial of Minister X’s birth.

In his 2025 Kindle Short publication, Democratic Dilemmas and Divine Inspiration, Aberjhani offers a compelling critique of how the erosion of democratic norms through autocratic and oligarchic methods in modern times threaten the very foundation of American democracy. He does this by contrasting the history of the U.S. Constitution, which some consider “divinely inspired,” with present-day governmental policies and practices threatening to create a “constitutional crisis” with disruptive friction between different branches of the government.

The essay takes a different contextual approach from Malcolm X’s incisive analysis of historically biased political and social systems in the U.S. but at the same time strongly aligns with it. Both perspectives recognize the systematic exclusion of marginalized communities from power and challenge the legitimacy of institutions that fail to uphold justice and equality. Malcolm X’s rhetorical strategy often combined incisive critique with a call to moral and spiritual awakening. He did not solely rely on secular arguments but invoked religious and ethical imperatives to galvanize resistance. Similarly, Democratic Dilemmas and Divine Inspiration draws on spiritual or divine motifs to advocate for transformative justice. By linking faith with activism, the essay mirrors Malcolm X’s own approach, particularly during and after his transformation from a Nation of Islam minister to a broader international human rights advocate. Both recognize that true liberation requires not only political reform but also a profound shift in consciousness—a revolution of personal and cultural values.

Ultimately, both the essay and Malcolm X’s teachings present democracy not as a static condition but as an ongoing struggle. They demand a reckoning with injustice and inspire movements aimed at re-imagining a more inclusive and equitable society. Their shared insistence on resistance and avoiding such entrapments as misinformation and disinformation underscores the necessity of confronting undemocratic forces in order to preserve the ideals of justice and freedom for all.

5. GLOBAL SOLIDARITY

In his struggles for self-liberation and the liberation of others, Malcolm X braved constant pressures––his wife and daughters were subjected to threats, and his house was firebombed. Yet, until his assassination, he never ceased confronting systemic evil, and refuted charges of advocating any form of Black supremacy. In his own famous words: “I am not a racist. I am against every form of racism and segregation, every form of discrimination. I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.”

In Aberjhani’s assessment, Malcolm X stands as a major intellectual and spiritual influence alongside such towering historic and world figures as: Frederick Douglass, W.E.B Du Bois, Langston Hughes, Albert Camus, James Baldwin, Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison, Nelson Mandela, Nadine Gordimer, Angela Davis, Jalaluddin Rumi, Jean Paul Sartre, and others who have wielded their pens while standing their ground in battles against blatant injustice.

Reading in Alex Haley’s text about Minister X’s 1964 pilgrimage to Mecca (where he became El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) shows how openness to change can deepen one’s humanity. This broad, principled humanism resonates with Aberjhani’s rejection of narrow-minded control (whether by a racist boss or a coercive religion) and his commitment to universal justice.

The author left his hometown’s oppressively caste-privileged environment because he wanted to grow and preferred “moving forward” to living in a static status quo. He has famously stated that Langston Hughes also inspired him in this regard when advising writers to expand their formal educations with as much travel within and outside of America as possible. His emphasis on moving forward into larger circles of understanding –including global empathy– parallels the global outlook which the minister developed.

It is fitting that one memoir by the author is titled The American Poet Who Went Home Again, and another called Greeting Flannery O’Connor at the Back Door of My Mind. Their thematic content reaches across cultural lines, just as Minister X eventually sought to more effectively reach beyond racial and national divides. Both men left familiar confines to embrace empirical sources of knowledge, and emerged with broadened purpose.

Aberjhani’s narratives on surviving pain, finding anger, and then choosing activism (even if only by conscience) illustrate that arc well. In both stories, personal conviction –once kindled– cannot be suppressed by threats. The result is growth: The future author matured from a timid youth fearful of “losing freedom” for speaking out, into a mature author-poet-artist who prizes honesty as the highest duty. Malcolm X’s journey from frustrated illiteracy to commanding eloquence, and from restrictive racial conditioning to universal humanity, provided a living model of self-transformation through conviction.

Underlying Aberjhani’s appreciation for Malcolm X is recognition that standing firm on principles is a form of leadership. As the great leader asserted, “Usually when people are sad, they don’t do anything. They just cry over their condition. But when they get angry, they bring about a change.”

CONCLUSION: ADDRESSING CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS

What is possibly most important in lessons learned from Malcolm X’s life and legacy during his centennial, and how they have impacted artist-activists like Aberjhani, is the degree to which they may be effectively employed to address the kinds of aggressively autocratic manipulations taking place in different parts of the contemporary world.

In its 2025 report on democracy, “25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped?,” the V-Dem Institute tells us only 29 countries remained “liberal democracies” in 2024, and “nearly 3 out of 4 persons in the world – 72% – now live in autocracies,” meaning they are governed by repressive authoritarian rulers and with severely restricted democratic freedoms. Harsh censorship and violence against dissent are spreading globally.

Closer to home, the rise of far-right platforms like Project 2025 indicates an erosion of democratic norms involving: freedom of the press, voting rights, international diplomacy, and rule of law. All of these are among the defining characteristics of a democratic society and their disintegration makes daily life in America more like daily existence in autocracies like North Korea or Russia. In such times, speaking truth courageously, exercising unwavering conviction, and continual self-education are urgently needed by communities everywhere.

Minister X’s and Aberjhani’s experiences show how these principles work in practice. The former later emphasized coalition-building (e.g. the Organization of Afro-American Unity) and affirmed his belief all people of conscience have a stake in advocating for justice and against violations of human rights. The latter has often championed community uplift through creative resistance (at times referring to himself as a “literary activist”) using art, empathy, and shared struggle rather than violence. As the world contends with new “waves of Autocratization,” nonviolent conflict resolution provides one of the best means for defending and sustaining the promise of American democracy rather than conceding centuries of progress on so many fronts.

(A SIDE NOTE: On May 8, 2025, Robert Francis Prevost of the United States became Pope Leo XIV to replace his universally-admired processor, Pope Francis. As the first American ever to become pope, the spiritual leader of 1.4 billion people worldwide, his election to the papacy places him in a position to potentially, and significantly, influence how long Americans continue to passively endorse autocratic policies and practices implemented by the POTUS.)

Ultimately, celebrating Malcolm X’s 100th birthday means more than memorials; it means action. Aberjhani himself has said that honoring the minister requires speaking truth to power and nurturing what King called the “kind of love that organizes.” In individual communities, this might take the form of demanding racial justice, protecting free expression, or simply refusing to accept deceit from authority. It certainly involves education and empathy, as Malcolm insisted: learning full history and caring beyond surface differences. In a global climate where freedoms are under threat, lessons from the life and legacy of Malcolm X comprise a powerful arsenal. By embracing them, communities in America and worldwide can better safeguard dignity and a sustainable quality of life against repressive authoritarian forces.

By AI Literary Chat Salon Contributor 2772
Editing and Mixed Media Painting by Aberjhani ©2025

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Cultural Consciousness in Aime Cesaire's ‘Return to My Native Land’ & Aberjhani's ‘Return to Savannah’

4/7/2024

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When it comes to Modern Literary Studies, the exploration of cultural identity, social justice, and human experience are often paramount themes. Aime Cesaire's (1913-2008) poem Return to My Native Land (1939) and Aberjhani's "Return to Savannah" (1997) are two exemplary works that delve into these themes, drawing upon historical, philosophical, and biographical insights. This comparative literary analysis examines how these poems resonate with contemporary discourses such as Critical Race Theory, Black Lives Matter, and WOKE theory, while also embodying values significant to humanity as a whole.

Cultural Context and Literary Tradition

In considering the significance of these poems for readers and scholars alike, it becomes evident that they offer invaluable insights into the complexities of modern Black Studies and the broader human experience. Whether studied during National Poetry Month, Education Week, Black History Month, or on World Poetry Day, both works serve as poignant reminders of the enduring power of poetry to provoke thought, inspire empathy, and catalyze change.

Aberjhani, in his 2007 Goodreads review of Cesaire’s book, aptly describes Return to My Native Land as a product of literary fusion, drawing upon the Negritude movement, the Harlem Renaissance, and French surrealism. This amalgamation infuses Cesaire's work with rich cultural and political nuances, addressing racism, class oppression, and the human condition. The following excerpt provide a small example from Return to My Native Land:

In this inert town, this sorry crowd under the sun, taking part in nothing which expresses, asserts, frees itself in the broad daylight of its own land. Nor in Empress Joséphine of the French dreaming high, high above negridom. Nor in the liberator rigidified in its liberation of whitened stone. Nor in the conquistador. Nor in this contempt, nor in this freedom, nor in this boldness.
At the brink of dawn, this inert city and its far beyond of leprosies, of consumption, of famines, of fears crouching in the ravines of fears, hoisted in the trees of fears, burrowed in the ground, of fears adrift in the sky, of fears piled up and its fumaroles of anguish.

At the brink of dawn, the morne, forgotten, forgetful of blowing up.

At the brink of dawn, the morne with its nervous and docile hoof – its malarial blood puts the sun to rout with its overheated pulses.

At the brink of dawn, the repressed fire of the morne, like a sob gagged on the verge of bloodthirsty outburst, searching for an evasive and unconscious ignition. (Césaire, Aimé. Notebook of a Return to My Native Land: 4. Bloodaxe contemporary French poets, pp. 103-104. Bloodaxe Books. Kindle Edition.)

As for Aberjhani’s Return to Savannah, inspired by Cesaire's work, the poem carries forward the legacy previously noted. It does this by weaving together elements of African-American experience, Southern history, and personal reflection. Both works can be situated within the tradition of protest poetry, which seeks to challenge systems of oppression and assert the dignity of marginalized communities. Additionally, they contribute to the broader tradition of lyric poetry, using language and imagery to evoke emotional and philosophical truths. The lines that follow are from Return to Savannah:

Legends tell the tourists
that spectres roam this city
but I’ve no need of tales
to explain
the red-eyed shadows
hopping like squirrels
through the greenless branches
of my immediate apprehension.
I remember when they died.
Stand amazed, now,
watching them haunt
reflections of their former lives.

The tourists hear one story
but let me tell you another:
like the one about WillieMae
who had 14 children, 9 they say
still living, just like she is
a blackwoman working split shifts
at what used to be the old
Desoto Hilton Hotel.
14 children, 9 still living
spanking, feeding, loving her brood
in-between preparing pastries
for people who’d rather not know.
(Aberjhani, I Made My Boy Out of Poetry, p. 30, Washington Publications, 1998)

Critical Race Theory and Black Lives Matter

It obvious from the above excerpts that both poems engage with the themes of racial identity, systemic oppression, and cultural resilience, resonating deeply with the principles of Critical Race Theory and the goals of the Black Lives Matter movement. Cesaire's exploration of colonialism and cultural alienation speaks to the enduring legacy of racism and imperialism, while Aberjhani's portrayal of African-American life in late 1990s Savannah documented the ongoing realities of systemic racism and social inequality. Through their poetic visions, both authors challenge readers to confront the injustices of the past and present, and imagine a more just and equitable future.

Original 1st edition 1997 cover of I MADE MY BOY OUT OF POETRY, book by Aberjhani featuring art by Gustave Blache III.

In addition, their work also reflects to a powerful degree the concept of being "woke," which encompasses an awareness of social injustices and a commitment to activism and change. The authors’ poems exemplify this ethos by inviting readers to awaken to the realities of various social inequities surrounding them. By centering the experiences of marginalized communities and amplifying their voices, these works contribute to a broader consciousness of social justice and collective liberation. They remind readers of the power of literature to inspire empathy, provoke critical reflection, and ignite social change.

Human Values and Universal Truths

Beyond their specific cultural and historical contexts, both poems embody values that are universally significant to humanity. Cesaire's lyrical meditation on identity, belonging, and the search for meaning resonates with readers of all backgrounds, prompting considerations of their own sense of self and place in the world. Aberjhani's poignant portrayal of resilience, community, and the enduring power of the human spirit speaks to the universal quest for dignity, justice, and love. By tapping into these universal truths, these poems transcend their particularities and speak to the shared humanity that unites us all.

Poet and political leader Aimé Césaire (1913-2008) photo edit (2024) by Aberjhani based on original unaccredited pr still.

Notably, in Return to My Native Land, Cesaire writes, "My negritude is not a stone, its deafness hurled against the clamor of the day," emphasizing the enduring strength of Black identity in the face of adversity, much the way members of other cultural groups have relied on long-standing values to survive persecution, or even genocide. Similarly, Aberjhani's portrayal of “WillieMae” in Return to Savannah underscores the inherent dignity and humanity of marginalized individuals, regardless of their societal status.

Literary Traditions and Contemporary Significance

Both Cesaire and Aberjhani draw from a rich tradition of literary expression rooted in the experiences of Black people across the globe. Cesaire’s fusion of prose and poetry reflects the experimental spirit of French surrealism while also echoing the lyrical cadence of Harlem Renaissance poets like Langston Hughes and Claude McKay. Similarly, Aberjhani’s narrative style and thematic depth align with the traditions of African-American literature, particularly the works of poets like Maya Angelou and Amiri Baraka.

The significance of studying these works during National Poetry Month, Education Week, or Black History Month lies in their ability to foster critical thinking, cultural awareness, and empathy among students. By engaging with themes of identity, justice, and resilience, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the complexities of the human experience and the enduring legacy of racial injustice. Furthermore, these works serve as catalysts for meaningful discussions about the intersections of race, class, and power in modern society.

Contemporary Poets Following Similar Literary Traditions

A number of contemporary poets share similarities with Cesaire and Aberjhani in their exploration of identity, history, and the impact of colonialism and racism. Their works serve as poignant reports on the complexities of the human experience. The following are a four examples of authors whose writings challenge readers to confront uncomfortable truths and consider alternative narratives of belonging and heritage:

CLAUDIA RANKINE: Known for her collection "Citizen: An American Lyric," Rankine's work addresses themes of race, identity, and belonging in contemporary America. Like Cesaire, she delves into the complexities of racial identity and colonial history, offering powerful reflections on the Black experience.
WARSAN SHIRE: Shire's poetry often explores themes of displacement, migration, and cultural identity, echoing Cesaire's exploration of his Caribbean heritage and the impact of colonialism. Her work, such as "Teaching My Mother How to Give Birth," captures the struggle for belonging and the search for roots in a globalized world.
OCEAN VUONG: Vuong's poetry, as seen in his collection "Night Sky with Exit Wounds," delves into personal and collective trauma, often exploring themes of war, exile, and intergenerational memory. Like Aberjhani, he grapples with the complexities of identity and history, weaving together personal narrative with broader socio-political reflections.
JERICHO BROWN: Brown's poetry, particularly in his collection "The Tradition," explores themes of race, sexuality, and history in America. Much like Aberjhani's "Return to Savannah," Brown's work confronts the legacy of slavery and the ongoing struggle for racial justice, offering a nuanced exploration of African American identity and heritage.

Lesson Plan: Teaching Césaire and Aberjhani Simultaneously

OBJECTIVE: To explore the themes, literary techniques, and historical contexts of Cesaire’s “Return to My Native Land” and Aberjhani’s “Return to Savannah” while fostering critical thinking and cultural awareness.

1. Pre-Reading Activity:

Introduce students to the historical and cultural contexts of Negritude, the Harlem Renaissance, and French surrealism.
Discuss the significance of poetry as a medium for social and political commentary.

2. Reading and Analysis:

Divide students into small groups and assign each group either Cesaire’s poem or Aberjhani’s poem.
Ask students to analyze the themes, imagery, and literary techniques employed by the respective authors.
Facilitate discussions on the historical and philosophical implications of the poems.

3. Comparative Analysis:

Bring the groups together to compare and contrast Cesaire’s and Aberjhani’s works.
Encourage students to identify common themes, motifs, and stylistic elements.
Discuss how each poem reflects the cultural and historical contexts of its respective author.

4. Reflection and Discussion:

Lead a class discussion on the contemporary relevance of Cesaire’s and Aberjhani’s works in the context of Black Studies and social justice movements.
Encourage students to reflect on how the poems contribute to their understanding of identity, history, and human experience.

5. Extension Activities:

Invite students to create their own poems inspired by the themes and styles of Cesaire and Aberjhani.
Research and present on other contemporary poets whose works align with the literary traditions explored in the lesson.

In Conclusion

The works of Aimé Césaire and Aberjhani offer profound insights into the complexities within Black Studies and beyond. By studying their works, students can gain a deeper of Black identity, history, and human existence. Through their exploration of themes such as memory, resilience, and social justice, these poets contribute to ongoing conversations understanding of the enduring legacy of racial injustice and the universal values of dignity, justice, and empathy.

By ChatGPT Op-Ed Contributor 4114
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2024

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Embracing the Whole of Life: Notes on James Baldwin at 100

2/3/2024

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The centennial celebration of the birth of author-activist James Baldwin in 2024 offers a unique opportunity for educators, students, advocates, and various groups to delve into the profound sociopolitical, psychological, and spiritual dimensions of Baldwin's life and work. Of particular use in this endeavor may be this observation made by author-poet-artist Aberjhani:

“Sociologically, politically, psychologically, spiritually, it was never enough for James Baldwin to categorize himself as one thing or the other: not just black, not just sexual, not just American, nor even just as a world-class literary artist. He embraced the whole of life the way the sun’s gravitational passion embraces everything from the smallest wandering comet to the largest looming planet.” (Aberjhani)

In this article, we explore the ways in which individuals and organizations can advantageously frame presentations or programs around the above text, referencing such factors as the significance of the Google front-page doodle honoring James Baldwin launched on February 1, 2024. Additionally, contemporary black authors or philosophers whose work aligns with the quote will also be identified.

Aberjhani's insightful statement encapsulates Baldwin's approach to identity and existence, emphasizing the need to resist simplistic categorizations. As an accomplished author, poet, and artist in his own right, he brings a unique perspective to his assessment. As an African American writer deeply engaged with cultural and sociopolitical issues, his insights into Baldwin's all-encompassing embrace of life stem from a shared understanding of the complexities of identity and societal structures. They are further bolstered by extensive body of work that includes: These Black and Blue Red Zone Days, co-authorship of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance (Facts On File/Infobase Publishing), the frequently-quoted The River of Winged Dreams, and Dreams of the Immortal City Savannah.

Embracing Complexity in Identity

A literary giant of the 20th century, Baldwin defied conventional categorizations by challenging societal norms and embracing the complexity of human identity. Aberjhani's text underscores the author's refusal to be confined to singular labels, be they racial, sexual, or national.

In the sociopolitical landscape, this perspective encourages a nuanced understanding of identity that goes beyond superficial divisions, fostering inclusivity and appreciation for the diverse experiences that shape individuals. It effectively illustrates how Baldwin challenged conventional norms to support fostering a holistic understanding of human experience. The metaphorical reference to the sun's gravitational pull evokes the idea that Baldwin's impact encompasses everything within its reach, from individual identities to institutional organizations and global issues.

In commemorating Baldwin's centennial, educators, activists, and cultural organizations can draw inspiration from Aberjhani's assessment to frame presentations or programs that celebrate the inclusivity inherent in Baldwin's work. This inclusive lens is not only relevant to the exploration of his legacy but also resonates with contemporary sociopolitical discourse on intersectionality, emphasizing the interconnectedness of various social categories.

The Google Doodle as a Symbolic Acknowledgment

The significance of Google featuring a doodle on its front page on February 1, 2024, honoring Baldwin cannot be overstated. Doodles are a form of symbolic acknowledgment, and in this case they serve as a public recognition of one author’s enduring influence.

Created by the New York-based artist Jon Key, the doodle may incorporate visual elements reflecting the author-activist’s commitment to equality, “speaking truth to power,” and his unapologetic stance against racial injustices. It is in this visual depiction, though uniquely representative of artist Key’s preferred palette and style, that the resonance with Aberjhani's statement becomes apparent – capturing the essence of a focused Baldwin's gravitational pull, at work with pen in hand drawing attention to the interconnectedness of the many facets of life that he embraced in his writings.

Educators, students, and advocates can leverage this visual representation as a starting point for discussions on the multifaceted nature of identity and the impact of Baldwin's contributions to literature and social discourse. In the words of artist Key himself, as shared on Google Doodles: “Entering rooms and lecture halls, bravely and brazenly, Baldwin was not afraid to speak his mind and advocate for marginalized voices. With the work I create, I am trying to manifest environments and community structures imbued with truth, pride and love––tenets that I think are exemplified by Baldwin’s texts and life.”

Aligning with An Expansive World View

To further contextualize the subject text, it helps to identify other contemporary black authors and philosophers whose work aligns with Baldwin's expansive worldview. Ta-Nehisi Coates, through works like Between the World and Me, explores the complexities of being black in America, addressing issues of systemic racism and the ongoing struggle for racial justice. Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie, a Nigerian author, challenges single narratives and explores the intersectionality of identity in works such as Americanah. Both authors contribute to the ongoing discourse on identity, echoing Baldwin's commitment to embracing life's entirety.

LESSON PLAN FOR EDUCATORS

To engage students in meaningful discussions on diversity, social justice, antiracism, and James Baldwin, educators can adopt Aberjhani's observation as a guiding principle. The following proposed lesson plan outlines a structured approach:

Lesson Title: Embracing Complexity: A Journey through James Baldwin's Worldview
OBJECTIVE: Students will gain a nuanced understanding of identity, diversity, and social justice through the exploration of James Baldwin's life and work.
Students will analyze contemporary works by black authors and philosophers to draw connections with Baldwin's legacy.

Activities: Introduction (1 class period):
Present Aberjhani's statement and discuss its implications.
Analyze the Google front-page doodle launched on February 1, 2024, as a visual representation of Baldwin's legacy.

Biographical Exploration (2 class periods):
Explore James Baldwin's life, major works, and key themes in his writings.
Discuss Baldwin's resistance to categorization and his impact on sociopolitical discourse.

Contemporary Connections (2 class periods):
Introduce Ta-Nehisi Coates and Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie as contemporary voices exploring identity.
Analyze excerpts from their works, drawing parallels to Baldwin's ideas.

Group Discussions and Presentations (2 class periods):
Divide students into small groups to discuss specific aspects of Baldwin's legacy and its contemporary relevance.
Each group will present their findings, fostering collaborative learning.

Creative Expression (2 class periods):
Encourage students to express their understanding through creative projects such as artwork, poetry, or essays.
Discuss how creative expression can serve as a powerful tool for exploring complex themes.

Reflection and Discussion (1 class period):
Facilitate a class-wide reflection on the lessons learned.
Discuss the applicability of Baldwin's ideas in addressing current social issues.

Assessment: Evaluate students based on their participation in group discussions, the quality of creative projects, and a reflective essay on the relevance of Baldwin's legacy in today's society.

Conclusion

In commemorating James Baldwin's centennial, embracing the whole of life becomes a guiding principle for educators, students, advocates, and organizations. The suggested text serves as a beacon, illuminating the path toward a deeper understanding of identity, diversity, and social justice. By incorporating different contemporary voices and creative expressions into the exploration of Baldwin's legacy, educators can inspire a new generation to engage critically with the complexities of the human experience, fostering a commitment to inclusivity and social progress.

By ChatGPT Op-Ed Contributor 4114
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2nd Volume 2024

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War-time Powers and Persuasions of Poetry

10/20/2023

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(“Insanities of Hatred & War No. 1” art graphic with poem by Aberjhani including elements of DALL-E imaging ©Oct 2023 for Bright Skylark LitProds)

In times of conflict and war, the world often witnesses humanity's darkest side, as nations grapple with destructive forces of violence and chaos to settle their differences. The horrors of war are an inescapable part of our shared history, whether in ancient battles on different continents or in modern conflicts like the 2023 military confrontations between Israel and Hamas, or Russia and Ukraine. In fact, according to estimates provided by multiple organizations which track military conflicts between various nation-states, at least 32-42 were such disputes already in progress when Hamas launched its assault on Israel October 7, 2023.

Moreover, according to the Geneva Academy: “Our Rule of Law in Armed Conflict Online Portal (RULAC) classifies all situations of armed violence that amount to an armed conflict under international humanitarian law. Today, it monitors more than 110 armed conflicts and provides information about parties, the latest developments, and applicable international law. Some of these conflicts make the headlines, others do not. Some of them started recently, while others have lasted for more than 50 years.”

In the face of such turmoil, is it possible that poetry might serve as a powerful tool for both preventing and navigating through the abyss of war? We will delve into two thought-provoking poems, "October 2023" and "The History Lesson" (text in section further down) to analyze how poetry can contribute to dialogues surrounding military conflicts; and, subsequently, we will identify several additional classic poems from the past and by more contemporary poets that are comparable in their ability to shed light on the complexities of war.

THE ESSENCE OF POETRY

Before delving into the specific poems, it is essential to understand more about the nature of poetry itself. Poetry, as an art form, has a unique capacity to distill complex emotions, thoughts, and experiences into concise, vivid, and emotionally resonant language. It often transcends mere communication, seeking to illuminate the human condition and our shared experiences in a profound way. Through metaphors, imagery, and rhythm, poetry can engage our emotions, intellect, and imagination in a manner that prose often cannot. It is this ability that makes poetry a valuable medium for exploring the intricate sociological and philosophical aspects of war.

POEM: OCTOBER 2023

War is insanity magnified
to an unquantifiable degree.
Feeding off toxic madness,
which then excretes chaos
completely indifferent
to the slaughtered rhymes and
screaming reasons of human beings.

In "October 2023," author-poet-artist Aberjhani confronts the grotesque nature of war. The poem highlights war as a manifestation of madness and chaos, feeding on the suffering of humanity. The imagery of "toxic madness" and "slaughtered rhymes" speaks to the senseless destruction that war begets. The poem's tone is one of condemnation and despair, reflecting a plea for a different path, one that avoids the horrors of war.

The philosophical underpinnings echo the works of scholars like Hannah Arendt, who explored the banality of evil and the idea that people can become complicit in acts of brutality when they surrender their individuality to the collective madness of war. With its brevity and poignant language, “October 2023” encapsulates the sociological and philosophical critique of war as an irrational, destructive force that devours humanity.

POEM: THE HISTORY LESSON -
RESILIENCE OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT

This morning bombs ruined
the back yard. Prophecies and
rumors of prophecies all came true.
A despot bound for hell
took the long way to a very bad day.
A feather-throated songboy screamed
madness from atop his platinum-plated cross.

But the temple of your presence?
It never shook once.

Biblical atrocities stormed chaos
from New York to Bagdad to Freetown.
The sun and moon of your face refused
to hide behind Armageddon.
Wisdom gushed like diamonds from your brow:

“Knowledge planted in truth grows in truth.
Strength born of peace loses nothing to hate.”

How many fears came between us?
Earthquakes, diseases, wars where hell
rained smoldering pus
from skies made of winged death.
Horror tore this world asunder.
While inside the bleeding smoke
and beyond the shredded weeping flesh
we memorized tales of infinite good.
(from ELEMENTAL, the Power of Illuminated Love)

Aberjhani's "The History Lesson" takes a different approach from his same poem “October 2023” to the subject of war. This poem portrays a world in turmoil, and rife with "Biblical atrocities," yet the speaker turns to the presence of a guiding figure who remains unwavering. The poem is also different in that it was written to correspond with a painting by the artist Luther E. Vann (1937-2016) for the book ELEMENTAL, the Power of Illuminated Love (2008). By contrast, “October 2023” was written in direct response to news reports of Hamas’s attack upon Israel on October 7, 2023.

The central message in “The History Lesson” is one of resilience, emphasizing the strength of the human spirit to withstand even the most catastrophic events. The juxtaposition of a world in chaos and the enduring wisdom and peace within the individual suggests that war may inflict external harm, but it cannot penetrate the core of human goodness. Or what the author has sometimes called “the essence of divinity that makes life possible.”

From a sociological perspective as well, "The History Lesson" reflects the adaptability of societies and individuals in the face of war. Societies can emerge from conflict with a renewed sense of purpose, strength, and unity. The philosophical aspect resides in the notion that inner peace and wisdom can transcend external chaos, underscoring the power of the human spirit to find meaning and goodness even in the most trying circumstances.

COMPARABLE POEMS FROM CLASSIC LITERATURE

"The Waste Land" by T.S. Eliot (1922): T.S. Eliot's poem is a timeless exploration of the disillusionment and fragmentation of society in the aftermath of World War I. It presents a haunting vision of a world in crisis, reflecting the societal disintegration and the search for meaning in a post-war landscape.

"The Charge of the Light Brigade" by Alfred Lord Tennyson (1854): This poem, written in response to the disastrous Charge of the Light Brigade during the Crimean War, highlights the blind obedience and sacrifice of soldiers in the face of war. It can be compared to "October 2023" as it explores the devastating consequences of war while emphasizing the importance of critical thought in decision-making.

"Dulce et Decorum Est" by Wilfred Owen (1920): This World War I poem reveals the horrors of warfare and the disillusionment experienced by soldiers on the front lines. It serves as a poignant reminder of the human cost of war and can be compared to "The History Lesson" for its focus on the human experience in the midst of conflict.

COMPARABLE CONTEMPORARY POEMS

"Home" by Warsan Shire (2017): Shire's poem, which gained recognition during the Syrian refugee crisis, delves into the dislocation and trauma experienced by those fleeing war. It serves as a contemporary reflection on the consequences of war and the urgency of empathy and understanding.

"In the Event of My Demise" by Tupac Shakur (1991): Tupac Shakur's poem delves into the themes of mortality, social injustice, and personal transformation. It speaks to the pressing issues of violence and inequality in urban America, offering a contemporary perspective on the impact of conflict on society.

"The End and the Beginning" by Wisława Szymborska (1993): This poem by Nobel laureate Wisława Szymborska reflects on the aftermath of war and the cycle of destruction and reconstruction. It invites readers to consider the enduring resilience of human societies in the face of devastation.

In Poetic Conclusion

The poems presented here by Aberjhani, as well as the additional historical and contemporary poems, offer valuable insights into the complex interplay of philosophy and sociology in the context of war. Poetry, with its capacity to encapsulate deep emotions and provoke contemplation, can serve as a means to question the senselessness of war and the resilience of the human spirit. In a world grappling with conflicts and crises, the power of poetry should not be underestimated, as it can inspire dialogue, reflection, and ultimately, the pursuit of peace as a more rational and compassionate path for humanity.

ChatBack Op-Ed Contributor 3308
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon Launch 2023

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Enduring Relevance of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance in the Discourse of Contemporary Issues

8/25/2023

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The early 20th century’s Harlem Renaissance stands as one of the most influential cultural and intellectual movements in American history. It was a vibrant period of artistic and literary expression that showcased the immense talent and creativity of African American artists, writers, musicians, and intellectuals. Although it was most impactful during the 1920s and 1930s, it laid the foundation for much of the subsequent discourse on race, identity, art, and societal transformation that continues today.

In 2003, Aberjhani, in collaboration with his late co-author Sandra L. West and foreword author Dr. Clement Alexander Price, unveiled the Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. In addition, esteemed guest contributors the volume included: article authors Iris Formey-Dawson, Vaughnette Goode-Walker, Mary C. Lewis, and Karen E. Johnson, with an opening epigraph by Ja A. Jahannes.

As we commemorate the encyclopedia’s 20th anniversary, it is essential to recognize the profound significance of this remarkable publication, which has become a treasured resource for scholars, educators, and reading enthusiasts alike. This comprehensive work has not only garnered prestigious awards and secured its place in esteemed library collections worldwide, but continues to offer invaluable insights into the enduring relevance of the Harlem Renaissance and its impact on contemporary issues. Through its meticulous compilation of articles, maps, indices, and insightful introductions from scholars and thinkers, the volume acts as reliable a bridge between the past and the present.

Early Critical Reception

One of the key strengths of the Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance is its ability to bridge the gap between academic scholarship and accessibility for a wide audience. The articles strike a balance between rigorous research and engaging prose, making it accessible to both scholars and general readers. This achievement is particularly commendable, as it allows the multi-faceted richness of the Harlem Renaissance to be appreciated by individuals from diverse backgrounds and educational levels.

Upon its 2003 release, excellent book reviews for Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance appeared in numerous publications ranging from: the Atlanta Daily World, one of America’s earliest Black newspapers, to Choice, described by West as “the finest library journal, bar none, in the country.” The title was listed as recommended reading by Essence Magazine, noted in The Trenton Times, featured as part of a cover story on Aberjhani for CONNECT Savannah weekly newspaper, and even mentioned in the CAAWC ( Carolina African American Writers Collective) newspaper in Raleigh, North Carolina, which is mailed to ports all over the world. Many more recommended the volume as well. The authors participated in signings and interviews across the country.

Celebratory montage of 20th anniversary of ENCYLCLOPEDIA OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE (Facts On File/Infobase Publishing) featuring covers of different editions of the encyclopedia.

In 2004, a member of Rutgers University’s Organization of Black Faculty and Staff interviewed Sandra L. West for its EBONY WATCH newsletter. When asked what sets this volume apart from other works on Harlem Renaissance figures at the time, West brilliantly underscored the diverse and holistic nature of the time and the book:

“The Harlem Renaissance was not only a literary period or just a music period, though it sometimes appears that it is, based upon the strength of Langston Hughes' jazz poetry or the development of gospel and jazz music during that period. Aberjhani, the co-author, and I tried to approach the era from many more angles than are likely to be found elsewhere.

“There are discussions in the book, for example, of multicultural and homosexual relationships during the Harlem Renaissance. There is a glossary of slang vocabulary, the distinctive language of Harlemese, which were culled from a ‘jive’ dictionary written by Cab Calloway, Zora Neale Hurston's folklore vocabulary, expressions from the community folk, and other oral history sources.”

Moreover, its comprehensive coverage encompasses not only artistic endeavors but also fields like sports, journalism, education, and social impact. The encyclopedia's influence upon contemporary times, including its impact on global movements like Hip-Hop, and its role in helping shape the trajectory of how African-American history is taught or portrayed in popular media, to a degree echoes the far-reaching effect of the renaissance itself.

Controversy over Diversity and Inclusivity

As discussions about Critical Race Theory (CRT) and WOKE philosophy unfold in educational and political spheres across the United States, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance emerges as particularly relevant. The simple reason is because it serves as a testament to the importance of engaging with historical narratives to understand the complexities of race, identity, and society in America.

West’s, Aberjhani’s, and their literary team's work reinforces the notion that grappling with the legacy of systemic racism, injustice, and the quest for equity is not a new concept but one that has spanned generations. The encyclopedia's presence in prestigious libraries and its endorsements from esteemed publications signal its academic credibility, making it a valuable resource for anyone seeking a nuanced understanding of these issues.

In light of the debates surrounding the incorporation of CRT and WOKE ideology into educational curricula, the book's role as a foundational source of information and perspective should not be underestimated. While some political figures and educators have expressed opposition to these concepts, citing concerns about divisiveness and ideological bias, the encyclopedia stands as a proven example of how historical analysis can inform contemporary discourse without inciting division. It provides a platform for nuanced exploration and encourages critical thinking, essential qualities for fostering a society that values diversity and inclusivity.

Parallel Challenges

For his part, author-artist Aberjhani has frequently drawn parallels between the concerns and challenges of the Harlem Renaissance era and those of modern 21st-century times. Speaking with Angela Kinamore in an interview for African Voices Magazine, he shared the following:

“…Racism is a reality today just as it was a reality back then. The question of the degree to which Blacks control their economic, political, social, and spiritual destinies around the world was relevant back then and is relevant now. The validity that society affords art and the value that society does or does not place upon the lives of creative artists working in any given medium was very much an issue during the renaissance and is very much an issue now."

"Doubts and concerns regarding leadership," he continued, "were voiced back then and are concerns right now. I would therefore hope that Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance encourages people to first of all confront whatever issues they are facing in their lives with honesty and then to establish some form of public dialogue, if needed, regarding the issue. I would hope this book would inspire them to establish creative solutions to the various challenges in their lives.”

Aberjhani's aspiration that the book inspire creative solutions to contemporary challenges reflects the transformative power of knowledge and the importance of engaging with history to shape a better future. Just as the Harlem Renaissance paved the way for innovative thought and progressive movements, the encyclopedia serves as a touchstone for individuals and communities––like those engaged in BIPOC advocacy, environmental justice, or antiracism activism––seeking to effect positive change.

In Conclusion

Over the course of the past two decades, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance has transcended its function as a historical reference work. As we celebrate its 20th anniversary, we are reminded of its role as a beacon of knowledge, a catalyst for dialogue, and a testament to the enduring relevance of the Harlem Renaissance's themes.

In an age when the digital realm reigns supreme, West’s, Aberjhani’s, and their team of contributor’s literary work stands as a reminder of the profound impact of print on cultural preservation and transformation. Just as the Harlem Renaissance paved the way for change, so too does this encyclopedia continue to spark conversations, inspire creative solutions, and ignite a passion for understanding the interconnectedness of our shared history.

Chat 444 Feature Contributor
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2023
for Bright Skylark Literary Productions

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Malcolm X 100: Lessons Learned from His Life and Legacy

1. SPEAKING TRUTH TO POWER

2. SELF-EDUCATION AS LIBERATION

3. CREATIVE RESISTANCE: A CASE STUDY

4. INTERWOVEN HISTORY

5. GLOBAL SOLIDARITY

CONCLUSION: ADDRESSING CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONS

By AI Literary Chat Salon Contributor 2772Editing and Mixed Media Painting by Aberjhani ©2025

Discover More on the Life, Legacy, andCelebration of Malcolm X

Please use this form to contact Bright Skylark Literary Productions, and the section below it to comment on the above article.

Cultural Consciousness in Aime Cesaire's ‘Return to My Native Land’ & Aberjhani's ‘Return to Savannah’

Cultural Context and Literary Tradition

Critical Race Theory and Black Lives Matter

Human Values and Universal Truths

Literary Traditions and Contemporary Significance

Contemporary Poets Following Similar Literary Traditions

Lesson Plan: Teaching Césaire and Aberjhani Simultaneously

In Conclusion

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Embracing the Whole of Life: Notes on James Baldwin at 100

Embracing Complexity in Identity

The Google Doodle as a Symbolic Acknowledgment

Aligning with An Expansive World View

LESSON PLAN FOR EDUCATORS

Conclusion

By ChatGPT Op-Ed Contributor 4114Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2nd Volume 2024

To suggest stories for AI Literary Chat Salon or contact Aberjhani at Bright Skylark Literary Prods

War-time Powers and Persuasions of Poetry

THE ESSENCE OF POETRY​

​POEM: OCTOBER 2023

POEM: THE HISTORY LESSON - RESILIENCE OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT

COMPARABLE POEMS FROM CLASSIC LITERATURE

COMPARABLE CONTEMPORARY POEMS

In Poetic Conclusion

ChatBack Op-Ed Contributor 3308Special to AI Literary Chat Salon Launch 2023

Contact AI Literary Chat Salon at Bright Skylark Literary Productions

Enduring Relevance of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance in the Discourse of Contemporary Issues

Early Critical Reception

Controversy over Diversity and Inclusivity

Parallel Challenges

In Conclusion

Contact AI Literary Chat Salon

Articles in AI Literary Chat Salon are written in partnership with chat bots to achieve a wide spectrum of balanced objective input and authentic human considerations. All feedback related to posts welcomed.

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By AI Literary Chat Salon Contributor 2772
Editing and Mixed Media Painting by Aberjhani ©2025

Discover More on the Life, Legacy, and
Celebration of Malcolm X

By ChatGPT Op-Ed Contributor 4114
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2nd Volume 2024

THE ESSENCE OF POETRY

POEM: OCTOBER 2023

POEM: THE HISTORY LESSON -
RESILIENCE OF THE HUMAN SPIRIT

ChatBack Op-Ed Contributor 3308
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon Launch 2023