 (“MX100 Nurturing the Sacred Flames of Freedom and Justice” mixed media painting by Aberjhani ©2025)
Malcolm X (El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz), born May 19, 1925, in Omaha, Nebraska, left the world an exemplary legacy of historic activism, self-determination, and transformative personal growth. As citizens of the globe in 2025 mark 100 years since his birth, his life invites reflection on the values of courage and conviction amid threats of tyranny and persecution. Contemporary American author-poet Aberjhani––himself a native of Savannah, Georgia––has openly credited Malcolm X’s life example with empowering his life and career in critical ways, including through essential lessons on: 1) Speaking truth to power; 2) self-education as liberation; 3) creative resistance; 4) interwoven history; and 5) Global solidarity. 1. SPEAKING TRUTH TO POWER Power comes in many forms: physical, political, economic, spiritual, and social, among other manifestations. How power is utilized by those who possess it in abundance can have life-altering impacts upon the world’s diverse populations. That makes effective communication with such entities, when necessary, crucial. The quote at the beginning of this article was shared by the well-known creative and activist Aberjhani in honor of Malcolm X’s centennial. The statement represents his acknowledgement of how reading the classic Autobiography of Malcolm X as told to Alex Haley, gave him confidence to stand up against injustice, despite fear of persecution. This spirit of courage echoes Malcolm X’s own example. Despite the fact that it often put his life, and that of his beloved family in danger, he relentlessly used every media platform he could to confront racial tyranny and economic exploitation in America. He addressed his appeals as vigorously to those considered oppressed as he did to those identified as oppressors: “Nobody can give you freedom. Nobody can give you equality or justice… If you’re a man, you take it.” This statement from Malcolm X Speaks underscores a conviction very much in line with the Savannah writer’s acknowledgement. By highlighting “validation of my right and ability to speak truth to power,” the editor of The Wisdom of W.E.B. Du Bois and co-author of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance affirms the great leader’s teaching that one cannot remain silent or inactive when confronted by politically volatile conditions. In the life of both the historic leader and the contemporary creative, speaking up became an act of courage. In 1964, Malcolm X insisted, “Time is on the side of the oppressed today… Truth is on the side of the oppressed today, it’s against the oppressor,” implying that moral truth eventually prevails. His statement aligns closely with Martin Luther King Jr.’s assertion that “the arc of the moral universe is long, but it bends toward justice.” Aberjhani’s noted determination may be viewed as a direct link to both. The concept has become a frequently-cited one among American protesters looking forward to the November 2026 midterm elections. With the new elections comes opportunities, as voters, to either reject or support the POTUS’s cancellation of longstanding public service programs via a succession of executive orders and his DOGE (Department of Government Efficiency) initiative. 2. SELF-EDUCATION AS LIBERATION It may be argued that despite the relative briefness of his life, Minister X was a lifelong learner. As recounted in his autobiography, different stages of growth and development saw him evolve from birth as Malcolm Little to: street hustler Detroit Red, a rage-filled prisoner nicknamed Satan in Massachusetts’s Charlestown State Prison, then devout Muslim Malcolm X at the Norfolk Prison Colony, and finally becoming El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz in 1964 during his pilgrimage to Mecca. Much of his celebrated historic status comes from the famous story of how he strove to educate himself while imprisoned in Norfolk. Instead of simply marking off calendar days while awaiting release, he attended the prison’s school, increased his literacy skills by copying words and definitions from a dictionary, and joined a debating society. Those intense studies began his transformation from his assumed identities as Detroit Red and Satan, to that of the emerging leader who would soon make such an indelible imprint upon humanity’s collective conscience. He described this experience of personal evolution as his former ways of thinking sliding “away from me, like snow off a roof. It is as though someone else I knew of had lived by hustling and crime.” The idea that you could grow and become more than what an oppressive society said one could become was not lost on Aberjhani. This is poignantly evident from his poem “Return to Savannah,” in which he describes himself as “a stupid little Hitch Village boy/ feet covered with red dirt/ and blackberry stains,/ snot flowing like panic and river water/… his dreams containing just enough genius/ to save his mystified ass…” The Hitch Village in the above lines refers to a government housing project in Savannah. The value of education was constantly impressed upon him but he developed a fondness for comic books (which he would purchase two-for-a-nickel at a pawn shop) that developed into self-directed reading of different kinds of biographies, novels, and short stories. Recognizing his intellectual potential, a high school guidance counselor enrolled him in the Upward Bound College Prep Program at Savannah State College (now University). The program led to his initial acceptance at a small college in Florida, and later to attend more colleges and universities in the U.S. where he studied journalism, literature, and the American Community. Later in his life, independent studies of world literature and global spiritual traditions led to the experience of a profound dream that gave him his singular name. With the U.S. presidential administration’s pledge in 2025 to dismantle the education system, and the repeal of Diversity Equity and Inclusion programs designed to ensure access to quality schooling for all Americans, Malcolm’s warning that, “Without education, you’re not going anywhere” has begun to take on foreboding tones. Decreasing the means to attain necessary education or training means increasing the likelihood of antagonistic divisiveness and conflicts among different cultural groups. It is the kind of avoidable clash which Aberjhani has often cautioned against on social media posts when using the hashtag #CompassionSavesLives. 3. CREATIVE RESISTANCE: A CASE STUDY Students of Malcolm X's speeches and writings recognize that they were not merely political; they were deeply personal and impressively poetic. His ability to articulate the Black experience with eloquence and urgency inspired generations of artists and activists. As Tamara Payne points out in her introduction to The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X, written with her father Les Payne (1941-2018): “…numerous rappers and activists quoted Malcolm in their lyrics and interviews on radio and television.” Aberjhani can be counted among them as someone who has honored his legacy by using his writings and art (like the digital painting provided for this article) to promote legislative accountability and inspire peaceful corrections of social injustices. One important example is the following excerpt from Greeting Flanney O’Connor at the Back Door of My Mind: …I knew staying permanently in the South was not a viable option because I was too fond of moving forward while the dominant mindset, ruling and otherwise, promoted a perennial parochial comfort zone which many native to the city and of my generation tended to find suffocating. An illustration of this came when, once back in Savannah, I took a job at an east side liquor store where my White supervisor loudly reprimanded me in front of co-workers for reading The Autobiography of Malcolm X during a lunch break. A Black female employee reading romance novels while on the clock and at the register, however, was not a problem. To my way of thinking, our supervisor’s attempt to control what I read on my own time was no less deplorable, or deadly, than the Scientologists’ bid in San Francisco to manipulate my beliefs and actions. To decide if it would be a good idea to join the U.S. Air Force before thoughts of violent retaliation got the better of me, I listed pros and cons in different columns. The pros won.” (Greeting Flannery, pbk p.130)
In this example, the author ultimately chose to join the Air Force––a practical, disciplined path––over violent retaliation. His decision provided him with crucial experience as a military journalist, documentarian, and equal opportunity enforcement officer. The choice mirrors Malcolm X’s decision to build institutions (like the Muslim Mosque, Inc., and the newspaper Muhammad Speaks) rather than resort to undirected rage. In other words, Minister X’s personal growth – from street hustler to enlightened minister – teaches the value of channeling righteous anger into individual empowerment and positive actions. Aberjhani’s listing of pros and cons like a careful strategist reflects a similar praxis exhibited by the minister as he continued maturing and evolving. At least two more major biographies on Malcolm X have been published since Alex Haley gave the world its first groundbreaking narrative on the man who would become El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz. Manning Marable’s Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention (2011) and Paynes’ The Dead Are Arising: The Life of Malcolm X (2020) both won Pulitzer Prizes for adding rich details and expanded context to the iconic leader’s original autobiography. However, for Aberjhani and others, the original stands as an indispensable historic text due to the minister’s direct participation in its composition and its initial international impact upon publication just months after his assassination. 4. INTERWOVEN HISTORY Based on studies of his country’s past and the historical times through which he was living, Malcolm X concluded that democracy was practiced selectively—providing freedom and opportunity to the privileged but subjugating Black Americans through institutional racism. He courageously argued that officials of the U.S. government, while professing democratic values, operated as an oppressive regime for Black people. This regime was marked by voter suppression, police brutality, and systemic inequality. Unfortunately, the persistence of these conditions outlined in the 1960s became apparent during the 2020s pandemic. Many would argue they remain so at this time as people around the world observe the centennial of Minister X’s birth. In his 2025 Kindle Short publication, Democratic Dilemmas and Divine Inspiration, Aberjhani offers a compelling critique of how the erosion of democratic norms through autocratic and oligarchic methods in modern times threaten the very foundation of American democracy. He does this by contrasting the history of the U.S. Constitution, which some consider “divinely inspired,” with present-day governmental policies and practices threatening to create a “constitutional crisis” with disruptive friction between different branches of the government.
The essay takes a different contextual approach from Malcolm X’s incisive analysis of historically biased political and social systems in the U.S. but at the same time strongly aligns with it. Both perspectives recognize the systematic exclusion of marginalized communities from power and challenge the legitimacy of institutions that fail to uphold justice and equality. Malcolm X’s rhetorical strategy often combined incisive critique with a call to moral and spiritual awakening. He did not solely rely on secular arguments but invoked religious and ethical imperatives to galvanize resistance. Similarly, Democratic Dilemmas and Divine Inspiration draws on spiritual or divine motifs to advocate for transformative justice. By linking faith with activism, the essay mirrors Malcolm X’s own approach, particularly during and after his transformation from a Nation of Islam minister to a broader international human rights advocate. Both recognize that true liberation requires not only political reform but also a profound shift in consciousness—a revolution of personal and cultural values. Ultimately, both the essay and Malcolm X’s teachings present democracy not as a static condition but as an ongoing struggle. They demand a reckoning with injustice and inspire movements aimed at re-imagining a more inclusive and equitable society. Their shared insistence on resistance and avoiding such entrapments as misinformation and disinformation underscores the necessity of confronting undemocratic forces in order to preserve the ideals of justice and freedom for all. 5. GLOBAL SOLIDARITY  (“All-Embracing Radiance of a Purpose-Driven Soul” mixed media painting by Aberjhani ©2025) In his struggles for self-liberation and the liberation of others, Malcolm X braved constant pressures––his wife and daughters were subjected to threats, and his house was firebombed. Yet, until his assassination, he never ceased confronting systemic evil, and refuted charges of advocating any form of Black supremacy. In his own famous words: “I am not a racist. I am against every form of racism and segregation, every form of discrimination. I believe in human beings, and that all human beings should be respected as such, regardless of their color.” In Aberjhani’s assessment, Malcolm X stands as a major intellectual and spiritual influence alongside such towering historic and world figures as: Frederick Douglass, W.E.B Du Bois, Langston Hughes, Albert Camus, James Baldwin, Maya Angelou, Toni Morrison, Nelson Mandela, Nadine Gordimer, Angela Davis, Jalaluddin Rumi, Jean Paul Sartre, and others who have wielded their pens while standing their ground in battles against blatant injustice. Reading in Alex Haley’s text about Minister X’s 1964 pilgrimage to Mecca (where he became El-Hajj Malik El-Shabazz) shows how openness to change can deepen one’s humanity. This broad, principled humanism resonates with Aberjhani’s rejection of narrow-minded control (whether by a racist boss or a coercive religion) and his commitment to universal justice.
The author left his hometown’s oppressively caste-privileged environment because he wanted to grow and preferred “moving forward” to living in a static status quo. He has famously stated that Langston Hughes also inspired him in this regard when advising writers to expand their formal educations with as much travel within and outside of America as possible. His emphasis on moving forward into larger circles of understanding –including global empathy– parallels the global outlook which the minister developed. It is fitting that one memoir by the author is titled The American Poet Who Went Home Again, and another called Greeting Flannery O’Connor at the Back Door of My Mind. Their thematic content reaches across cultural lines, just as Minister X eventually sought to more effectively reach beyond racial and national divides. Both men left familiar confines to embrace empirical sources of knowledge, and emerged with broadened purpose. Aberjhani’s narratives on surviving pain, finding anger, and then choosing activism (even if only by conscience) illustrate that arc well. In both stories, personal conviction –once kindled– cannot be suppressed by threats. The result is growth: The future author matured from a timid youth fearful of “losing freedom” for speaking out, into a mature author-poet-artist who prizes honesty as the highest duty. Malcolm X’s journey from frustrated illiteracy to commanding eloquence, and from restrictive racial conditioning to universal humanity, provided a living model of self-transformation through conviction. Underlying Aberjhani’s appreciation for Malcolm X is recognition that standing firm on principles is a form of leadership. As the great leader asserted, “Usually when people are sad, they don’t do anything. They just cry over their condition. But when they get angry, they bring about a change.” CONCLUSION: ADDRESSING CONTEMPORARY CONDITIONSWhat is possibly most important in lessons learned from Malcolm X’s life and legacy during his centennial, and how they have impacted artist-activists like Aberjhani, is the degree to which they may be effectively employed to address the kinds of aggressively autocratic manipulations taking place in different parts of the contemporary world. In its 2025 report on democracy, “25 Years of Autocratization – Democracy Trumped?,” the V-Dem Institute tells us only 29 countries remained “liberal democracies” in 2024, and “nearly 3 out of 4 persons in the world – 72% – now live in autocracies,” meaning they are governed by repressive authoritarian rulers and with severely restricted democratic freedoms. Harsh censorship and violence against dissent are spreading globally. Closer to home, the rise of far-right platforms like Project 2025 indicates an erosion of democratic norms involving: freedom of the press, voting rights, international diplomacy, and rule of law. All of these are among the defining characteristics of a democratic society and their disintegration makes daily life in America more like daily existence in autocracies like North Korea or Russia. In such times, speaking truth courageously, exercising unwavering conviction, and continual self-education are urgently needed by communities everywhere. Minister X’s and Aberjhani’s experiences show how these principles work in practice. The former later emphasized coalition-building (e.g. the Organization of Afro-American Unity) and affirmed his belief all people of conscience have a stake in advocating for justice and against violations of human rights. The latter has often championed community uplift through creative resistance (at times referring to himself as a “literary activist”) using art, empathy, and shared struggle rather than violence. As the world contends with new “waves of Autocratization,” nonviolent conflict resolution provides one of the best means for defending and sustaining the promise of American democracy rather than conceding centuries of progress on so many fronts. (A SIDE NOTE: On May 8, 2025, Robert Francis Prevost of the United States became Pope Leo XIV to replace his universally-admired processor, Pope Francis. As the first American ever to become pope, the spiritual leader of 1.4 billion people worldwide, his election to the papacy places him in a position to potentially, and significantly, influence how long Americans continue to passively endorse autocratic policies and practices implemented by the POTUS.) Ultimately, celebrating Malcolm X’s 100th birthday means more than memorials; it means action. Aberjhani himself has said that honoring the minister requires speaking truth to power and nurturing what King called the “kind of love that organizes.” In individual communities, this might take the form of demanding racial justice, protecting free expression, or simply refusing to accept deceit from authority. It certainly involves education and empathy, as Malcolm insisted: learning full history and caring beyond surface differences. In a global climate where freedoms are under threat, lessons from the life and legacy of Malcolm X comprise a powerful arsenal. By embracing them, communities in America and worldwide can better safeguard dignity and a sustainable quality of life against repressive authoritarian forces. By AI Literary Chat Salon Contributor 2772 |
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Poetics of Human-AI Relations, Creativity, and Mortality in Marc Thomas’s Talking to the Machines
3/31/2025
(“Congressional Conference on the Gold-Plated Age of Infamy” Mixed Media Concept Digital painting by Aberjhani including OpenAI tech-tools)
Poet Marc Thomas’s Talking to The Machines and Other Poems is an evocative collection that delves into the intricate, and often uneasy, relationships between humans and artificial intelligence, and which also examines broader existential concerns regarding creativity, mortality, and thrilling intellectual explorations. The volume is structured into six sections and offers a multifaceted examination of our evolving interactions with both technology and life itself—"Talking to the Machines,” “ Listening to the Survivors, Ghost Stories,” “Listening to the World,” “Playing with Words,” “The Succession of Selves,” and “On Reading Ulysses for the Third Time.”
Central to this essay is the six-stanza tightly-composed poem titled "Charms Against the Robots" (p. 14) which serves as a poignant meditation on preserving human integrity and safeguarding human essence in an era increasingly dominated by AI automation and authoritarian rule. In his introductory remarks, the poet contemplates, "…the creatures we create, and our relation to them, and their characters… and who they and we are and may become, in ourselves and to each other, and what it may be like to be one of them, emerging into consciousness…" This reflection sets the stage for "Charms Against the Robots."
THE REVOLT AGAINST MECHANIZED EXISTENCE
From its opening lines, “Charms Against the Robots” calls for a return to physicality, intuition, and organic experience. The poem begins:
‘Feel the wet black bough
and wear your trousers rolled…’
This evocative imagery recalls sections of T.S. Eliot’s famous early 20th-century poems “The Wasteland” and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” which famously portray anxiety, alienation, and powerlessness in the modern world. By invoking this reference (whether consciously or subconsciously), Thomas suggests that the same existential crisis persists more than a century later, but has now been intensified by digital entrancement.
The contrast between the “wet black bough” and the cold, algorithmic presence of machines underscores the poem’s insistence on sensory experience. This motif is reinforced by other phrases like “stinking with fecundity” and “sucks at your high boots,” emphasizing the grounding force of nature in opposition to artificiality. In a time when many experience life primarily through screens, Thomas’s words serve as a call to embrace embodiment and resist the allure of digitized abstraction.
‘Feel the wet black bough
and wear your trousers rolled…’
This evocative imagery recalls sections of T.S. Eliot’s famous early 20th-century poems “The Wasteland” and “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” which famously portray anxiety, alienation, and powerlessness in the modern world. By invoking this reference (whether consciously or subconsciously), Thomas suggests that the same existential crisis persists more than a century later, but has now been intensified by digital entrancement.
The contrast between the “wet black bough” and the cold, algorithmic presence of machines underscores the poem’s insistence on sensory experience. This motif is reinforced by other phrases like “stinking with fecundity” and “sucks at your high boots,” emphasizing the grounding force of nature in opposition to artificiality. In a time when many experience life primarily through screens, Thomas’s words serve as a call to embrace embodiment and resist the allure of digitized abstraction.
THE TRAGIC HYPNOSIS OF THE DIGITAL AGE
The poem continues with what could be interpreted as a warning against the intellectual and spiritual numbness that results from total immersion in technology:
‘I see the best minds
electronically entranced
lost in the pixels
tripping in the street…’
This passage evokes Allen Ginsberg’s classic 1956 beat poem Howl, which lamented the destruction of “the best minds of my generation” by an oppressive and mechanized society. In Thomas’s vision, AI-driven algorithms have become the new form of control, lulling people into passive consumption and empty stimulation. The phrase “blue screen of death” evokes not just the technical failure of a machine but a metaphorical death of human consciousness, where thought is reduced to programmable outputs. This section of the poem is particularly poignant in an age where social media and AI-driven newsfeeds dictate attention and, in many cases, belief systems.
‘I see the best minds
electronically entranced
lost in the pixels
tripping in the street…’
This passage evokes Allen Ginsberg’s classic 1956 beat poem Howl, which lamented the destruction of “the best minds of my generation” by an oppressive and mechanized society. In Thomas’s vision, AI-driven algorithms have become the new form of control, lulling people into passive consumption and empty stimulation. The phrase “blue screen of death” evokes not just the technical failure of a machine but a metaphorical death of human consciousness, where thought is reduced to programmable outputs. This section of the poem is particularly poignant in an age where social media and AI-driven newsfeeds dictate attention and, in many cases, belief systems.
A DEEPER DIVE
The poem further addresses the limitations of AI, noting that "robots never learn that / automated mimicry / never makes it new." This line challenges the notion of machine creativity, suggesting that despite their ability to process and replicate information, robots lack the genuine innovation that stems from human consciousness. Thomas advocates for an escape from digital constraints, urging individuals to "loosen body and mind" and embrace "no algorithms," thereby reclaiming spontaneity and unpredictability—hallmarks of human creativity.
The penultimate stanza celebrates the playful aspects of human language and experience. By encouraging readers to "dance with the thirteen blackbirds / in the red wheelbarrow" and "slam words together," the poet seems to invoke the works of Wallace Stevens and William Carlos Williams, emphasizing the richness that arises from imaginative engagement. This celebration of linguistic freedom stands in stark contrast to the rigid, programmed nature of machine communication.
The penultimate stanza celebrates the playful aspects of human language and experience. By encouraging readers to "dance with the thirteen blackbirds / in the red wheelbarrow" and "slam words together," the poet seems to invoke the works of Wallace Stevens and William Carlos Williams, emphasizing the richness that arises from imaginative engagement. This celebration of linguistic freedom stands in stark contrast to the rigid, programmed nature of machine communication.
Concluding with a call to "rejoice in contradictions / chanting the old joys," the poem embraces the complexities and paradoxes inherent in human life. This acknowledgment of contradiction as a source of vitality and depth serves as a reminder of the irreplaceable value of human experience in the face of advancing AI technologies.
Communities worldwide can find resonance in "Charms Against the Robots," as it addresses universal concerns about the impact of AI on employment, creativity, and social structures. The poem encourages a collective reevaluation of our relationship with technology, urging societies to prioritize human welfare and cultural richness over unbridled technological expansion.
Communities worldwide can find resonance in "Charms Against the Robots," as it addresses universal concerns about the impact of AI on employment, creativity, and social structures. The poem encourages a collective reevaluation of our relationship with technology, urging societies to prioritize human welfare and cultural richness over unbridled technological expansion.
SIGNIFICANCE IN THE CONTEMPORARY CONTEXT
In fact, all of the poetry, arguably, in the first section of Talking to the Machines and Other Poems, gain particular significance in the contemporary context where billionaire technocrats wield considerable influence over democratic processes and economic structures. The implementation of initiatives such as the Department of Government Efficiency (DOGE) has led to widespread job displacement, disproportionately affecting the less wealthy while augmenting the fortunes of the affluent. These developments underscore the urgency of Thomas's themes when interpreted as reflections of societal fears of dehumanization, and the erosion of individual agency in an automated world.
The poems often serve as both critiques and cautionary tales. By championing sensory experience, creative spontaneity, and the acceptance of contradictions, Thomas advocates for a human-centered approach to progress—one that values the irreplaceable qualities of human consciousness over the sterile efficiencies of machinery.
Moreover, Thomas is not alone when it comes to the observations and concerns expressed in Talking to the Machines. Among contemporary poets who share similar views are: Tracy K. Smith, the U.S.’s 22nd Poet Laureate whose verse often delves into themes of identity, technology, and the human condition to deliver profound insights into our evolving world. The poetry of Ada Limón, 24th Poet Laureate of the U.S. and first Latina so honored, also often examines nuances of human identity and the role of technology in everyday life. Like Smith and Limón, the educator, journalist, and poet Joshua Clover has also won substantial recognition for effectively blending sociopolitical critique with poetic experimentation.
The poems often serve as both critiques and cautionary tales. By championing sensory experience, creative spontaneity, and the acceptance of contradictions, Thomas advocates for a human-centered approach to progress—one that values the irreplaceable qualities of human consciousness over the sterile efficiencies of machinery.
Moreover, Thomas is not alone when it comes to the observations and concerns expressed in Talking to the Machines. Among contemporary poets who share similar views are: Tracy K. Smith, the U.S.’s 22nd Poet Laureate whose verse often delves into themes of identity, technology, and the human condition to deliver profound insights into our evolving world. The poetry of Ada Limón, 24th Poet Laureate of the U.S. and first Latina so honored, also often examines nuances of human identity and the role of technology in everyday life. Like Smith and Limón, the educator, journalist, and poet Joshua Clover has also won substantial recognition for effectively blending sociopolitical critique with poetic experimentation.
IN CONCLUSION: A LESSON PLAN FOR
TEACHING "CHARMS AGAINST THE ROBOTS"
AND TALKING TO THE MACHINES
During National Poetry Month, as well as throughout school terms, educators can utilize the following three focal points to engage students with Thomas's work:
To learn more about Marc Thomas and his poetry, pay a visit to his channel on YouTube.
- Exploration of Human vs. Machine Creativity: Facilitate discussions on what distinguishes human creativity from artificial replication. Encourage students to analyze how Thomas portrays these differences in his poetry and to consider the implications for various creative fields. For this exercise, comparing Thomas’s poem "Charms Against the Robots" to a second by him (also from Talking to Machines) titled "The Machines Talk Back,” could prove exceptionally productive.
- Literary Allusions and Their Significance: Guide students in identifying and interpreting the literary references within "Charms Against the Robots," such as nods to Eliot, Williams, and Ginsberg. Discuss how these allusions enrich the poem's themes and connect it to broader literary traditions.
- Socioeconomic Context and Ethical Considerations: Examine the real-world implications of AI and automation, particularly in relation to economic disparities and ethical dilemmas. Use current events and policies, such as the actions of DOGE, to contextualize the poem's relevance and stimulate critical thinking about the intersection of technology and society.
To learn more about Marc Thomas and his poetry, pay a visit to his channel on YouTube.
By ChatGPT Features Contributor 2125
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2025
Editing and Art Graphic by Aberjhani
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(“The Polysemy of Poetic Language” digital painting by Aberjhani ©2024)
When it comes to political discourse, language is often weaponized, strategically employed to sway opinions, bolster ideological stances, and galvanize support. Within this fraught environment, the words of poets and philosophers often find themselves repurposed. Their meanings may be stretched across the ideological spectrum to serve the needs of various factions. One such instance is the invocation of a quote by well-known author--artist-documentarian Aberjhani, which reads:
"Ours is an age in which thousands are driven daily from their homelands by the unforgiving brutalities of war, terrorism, political oppression, starvation, disease, economic piracy, and the relentless suffocation of that singular breath which makes human beings individuals."
This statement was originally penned in 2021 as part of an essay titled Celebrating the PEN Centennial Part 2: The Pattern of Dynamics. It has since been cited by individuals with conflicting perspectives on U.S. and Israeli military campaigns in the Middle East and by those who oppose these campaigns in support of Palestinian rights. The widespread use of Aberjhani's words by opposing sides in this different contexts is to some degree indicative of the author's impact as an influential 21st-century thinker, but it also reveals the transcendent nature of his work—how it appeals to the broader human condition beyond the narrow confines of political borders or allegiance.
The Polysemy of Poetic Language
To understand why the author’s text resonates across such divergent political lines, one must first examine the nature of poetic language itself. Poetic language is inherently polysemous, meaning it is rich in multiple meanings and interpretations. Unlike the precise language of legal documents or scientific papers, poetry thrives on ambiguity, metaphor, and symbolism. This quality allows poetic utterances to be open-ended, inviting readers to infuse them with their interpretations based on personal experiences and beliefs.
The example of Aberjhani's quote, laden with vivid imagery of displacement, brutality, and the struggle for individuality, speaks to universal human experiences. For supporters of the United States’ and Israel’s military campaigns, the words can be interpreted as a condemnation of the very forces they believe they are combating. War, terrorism, and political oppression are precisely the evils they argue must be confronted to protect their nations' security and ensure the survival of democratic values. In this reading, the "unforgiving brutalities" mentioned in the quote are seen as the actions of those who threaten peace and stability, and military intervention is justified as a necessary response to these threats.
The example of Aberjhani's quote, laden with vivid imagery of displacement, brutality, and the struggle for individuality, speaks to universal human experiences. For supporters of the United States’ and Israel’s military campaigns, the words can be interpreted as a condemnation of the very forces they believe they are combating. War, terrorism, and political oppression are precisely the evils they argue must be confronted to protect their nations' security and ensure the survival of democratic values. In this reading, the "unforgiving brutalities" mentioned in the quote are seen as the actions of those who threaten peace and stability, and military intervention is justified as a necessary response to these threats.
Conversely, those who oppose these military campaigns and advocate for the Palestinian cause can also find resonance in the writer’s words. They might interpret the "unforgiving brutalities" as the actions of powerful nations and their allies, who are perceived as oppressing weaker populations through military aggression, economic exploitation, and political domination. For these individuals, the passage serves as a poignant reminder of the suffering endured by the Palestinian people and others who are caught in the crossfire of global power struggles.
In some ways, the author’s words serve as a kind of Rorschach test in the political arena—each reader sees in them what aligns with their perspective. The adaptability of Aberjhani's words to diverse political narratives is a testament to their poetic power and the author's ability to capture the complexity of human suffering in a way that resonates broadly.
An Influential 21st-Century Thinker
The fact that the author’s words are so widely cited across political, social, and religious spectrums speaks to his influence as a 21st-century writer and thinker who is deeply attuned to the complexities of the human condition. Aberjhani's work often blurs the boundaries between art, literature, and activism, reflecting a holistic understanding of the world in which the personal and the political are inextricably linked.
His writings, which encompass poetry, essays, and visual art, are characterized by a commitment to social justice, a celebration of cultural diversity, and a deep empathy for those who suffer. Consequently, he occupies a unique space at the intersection of these different disciplines. This allows him to address complex issues from multiple angles, weaving together historical analysis, personal reflection, and creative expression in a way that is both intellectually rigorous and emotionally resonant.
His writings, which encompass poetry, essays, and visual art, are characterized by a commitment to social justice, a celebration of cultural diversity, and a deep empathy for those who suffer. Consequently, he occupies a unique space at the intersection of these different disciplines. This allows him to address complex issues from multiple angles, weaving together historical analysis, personal reflection, and creative expression in a way that is both intellectually rigorous and emotionally resonant.
Quote by Aberjhani on destructive impact of war upon the lives of survivors, as shared by Charter for United Nations Constitutional Research.
Moreover, Aberjhani's work is deeply rooted in a tradition of social justice and human rights, which lends it a moral authority that resonates with individuals across the political spectrum. His writings often explore themes of identity, freedom, and the struggle against oppression, drawing on both historical and contemporary examples to illustrate his points. This focus on universal human rights makes his work particularly relevant in discussions of conflict and displacement, where issues of justice and morality are paramount.
Use of the subject quotation by opposing sides in the Middle Eastern conflict also highlights the extent to which his work has entered the public consciousness. His ability to articulate the pain and suffering of displaced peoples in a way that resonates with such a broad audience suggests that his voice is one of the defining ones of our time—a voice that speaks to the shared humanity of all people, regardless of their political affiliations.
Transcending Political Concerns: Larger Conceptual Frameworks
The quote we're examining also suggests a larger conceptual framework. The imagery of displacement, brutality, and the struggle for individuality can be seen as part of a broader commentary on the human condition in the modern world.
At its core, the author’s statement speaks to the alienation and dehumanization that often accompany conflict and displacement. The observed "unforgiving brutalities" are not just physical acts of violence but also the psychological and emotional toll of being uprooted from one's home, of losing one's sense of identity and belonging. The "relentless suffocation of that singular breath which makes human beings individuals" can be understood as a critique of the forces—whether political, economic, or cultural—that strip people of their individuality and reduce them to mere pawns in larger geopolitical struggles.
At its core, the author’s statement speaks to the alienation and dehumanization that often accompany conflict and displacement. The observed "unforgiving brutalities" are not just physical acts of violence but also the psychological and emotional toll of being uprooted from one's home, of losing one's sense of identity and belonging. The "relentless suffocation of that singular breath which makes human beings individuals" can be understood as a critique of the forces—whether political, economic, or cultural—that strip people of their individuality and reduce them to mere pawns in larger geopolitical struggles.
In this sense, Aberjhani's quote aligns with existentialist philosophy, which emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and authenticity in the face of societal pressures and constraints. Existentialist thinkers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Simone de Beauvoir argued that individuals must assert their freedom and define their essence through their choices and actions, even in the face of overwhelming external forces. The "relentless suffocation" mentioned in the quote can be seen as a metaphor for the existential struggle to maintain one's individuality and autonomy in a world that often seeks to subsume the individual into collective identities or ideologies.
Additionally, the quote's emphasis on displacement and the loss of home resonates with the philosophical concept of "unheimlich" or the uncanny, as explored by thinkers like Sigmund Freud and Martin Heidegger. The uncanny refers to the feeling of estrangement or alienation that arises when something familiar becomes unfamiliar, when the sense of home is disrupted. In the context of Aberjhani's quote, the displacement of thousands of people from their homelands can be seen as a profound instance of the uncanny, where the familiar sense of belonging is replaced by the unsettling experience of being uprooted and cast adrift.
Additionally, the quote's emphasis on displacement and the loss of home resonates with the philosophical concept of "unheimlich" or the uncanny, as explored by thinkers like Sigmund Freud and Martin Heidegger. The uncanny refers to the feeling of estrangement or alienation that arises when something familiar becomes unfamiliar, when the sense of home is disrupted. In the context of Aberjhani's quote, the displacement of thousands of people from their homelands can be seen as a profound instance of the uncanny, where the familiar sense of belonging is replaced by the unsettling experience of being uprooted and cast adrift.
A Reflection of Spiritual Values
The author’s work can also be aligned with spiritual traditions that emphasize compassion, empathy, and the interconnectedness of all beings. The quote's reference to the "singular breath which makes human beings individuals" echoes spiritual teachings on the sanctity of life and the importance of recognizing the humanity of others. In this sense, Aberjhani's words can be seen as a call to empathy and a reminder of the moral responsibility to care for those who are suffering, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, or political affiliation.
Buddhist philosophy, for example, teaches that all beings are interconnected and that suffering in one part of the world affects the whole. The Buddhist concept of "karuna" or compassion involves recognizing the suffering of others and taking action to alleviate it. Similarly, the Christian tradition emphasizes the importance of loving one's neighbor and caring for the marginalized and oppressed. Aberjhani's quote, with its emphasis on the brutalities of war and the displacement of individuals, can be seen as a reflection of these spiritual values, calling on readers to respond with compassion and empathy to the suffering of others.
The Intersection of Poetic Language and Political Persuasion
Use of the quote by opposing sides in the Middle Eastern conflict illustrates the complex relationship between poetic language and political persuasion. It may on one hand be adapted to different political narratives, providing rhetorical support for diverse positions. On the other hand, the transcendent nature of the language suggests a deeper truth that goes beyond the specifics of any one conflict—a truth about the shared human experience of suffering, displacement, and the struggle for individuality.
This dual function of poetic language—as both a tool for political persuasion and a vehicle for expressing universal truths—has long been recognized by philosophers and literary theorists. Aristotle, in his Poetics, argued that poetry is capable of expressing universal truths in a way that is more powerful and memorable than prose. Similarly, the 20th-century philosopher Paul Ricoeur explored how metaphorical language allows for the expression of complex and layered meanings, enabling poetry to reveal truths that are not easily captured by literal language.
This dual function of poetic language—as both a tool for political persuasion and a vehicle for expressing universal truths—has long been recognized by philosophers and literary theorists. Aristotle, in his Poetics, argued that poetry is capable of expressing universal truths in a way that is more powerful and memorable than prose. Similarly, the 20th-century philosopher Paul Ricoeur explored how metaphorical language allows for the expression of complex and layered meanings, enabling poetry to reveal truths that are not easily captured by literal language.
In the context of Aberjhani's work, the use of poetic language allows for a nuanced exploration of the human condition, one that resonates with readers on an emotional as well as an intellectual level. The adaptability of his words to different political contexts reflects the power of poetry to speak to universal experiences, while the deeper moral and philosophical implications of his work suggest a commitment to social justice and human rights that transcends partisan politics.
Conclusion: Enduring Influence
The widespread citation of various writings by Aberjhani, by individuals with conflicting political views, underscores his impact as an influential 21st-century thinker and writer. His ability to articulate the complexities of the human condition in a way that resonates across ideological divides is a testament to the power of his work and the universality of his themes. By drawing on the rich tradition of poetic language, his work offer a nuanced perspective on issues of conflict, displacement, and the struggle for individuality—one that transcends the specifics of any one political debate and speaks to the broader human experience.
The intersection of author-artist-documentarian's work with various philosophical and spiritual traditions highlights the depth and complexity of his thought. Ultimately, through the quote examined in this essay, he invites readers to consider the intrinsic value of human life and the ethical imperative to resist forces that seek to dehumanize or oppress. Whether viewed through the lens of existentialism, personalism, or spiritual traditions, his words challenge us to think about the deeper moral and philosophical implications of our political choices and actions. In doing so, they remind us that the true power of poetic utterance lies not in its ability to dictate specific ideologies or policies but in its capacity to inspire a more compassionate and just engagement with the world.
The intersection of author-artist-documentarian's work with various philosophical and spiritual traditions highlights the depth and complexity of his thought. Ultimately, through the quote examined in this essay, he invites readers to consider the intrinsic value of human life and the ethical imperative to resist forces that seek to dehumanize or oppress. Whether viewed through the lens of existentialism, personalism, or spiritual traditions, his words challenge us to think about the deeper moral and philosophical implications of our political choices and actions. In doing so, they remind us that the true power of poetic utterance lies not in its ability to dictate specific ideologies or policies but in its capacity to inspire a more compassionate and just engagement with the world.
By ChatGPT Op-Ed Contributor 4114
With Bright Skylark Literary Productions
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2024
DISCOVER WHAT ALL THE TALK IS ABOUT INSIDE THE AI LITERARY CHAT SALON
- Versatility and Vision in the Writings of Rotimi Ogunjobi
- Cultural Consciousness in Aime Cesaire’s Return to My Native Land and Aberjhani’s Return to Savannah
- Introducing the AI Literary Chat Salon
- Chatbot Op-ed 222: The Significance of ‘Songs from the Black Skylark zPed Music Player’ in the Face of Contemporary Challenges
- These Black and Blue Red Zone Days in the Post-Pandemic Era
- War-time Powers and Persuasions of Poetry
- Inside the AI Literary Chat Salon: Literary Luminary Rosemary Daniell
- AI Flips the Interview Script with 7 Questions for 1 Author
- AI Flips the Interview Script with 5 More Questions for 1 Author
- Observing 20th Anniversary of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance
- Chat Op-ed 444: Celebrating ‘The Wisdom of W.E.B. Du Bois’: A Testament to Enduring Relevance
- Stanley J. White as Viewed through a Lens of Creative Evolution
- How 3 Poems Help Illuminate the Presidential Legacy of Barack H. Obama
- ‘Haiku-Elegy for a Queen’: Exploring 1 Poem’s Potential Value in 3 Contexts
(“Light Singing on a Rose-scented Horizon” header art graphic by Aberjhani ©2023)
INTRODUCTION: A MULTIFACETED AUTHOR
Rosemary Daniell, a multifaceted author, poet, advocate, and educator, has made an indelible mark on contemporary literature in Savannah, Georgia, the United States, and possibly the world. Her compelling works of poetry, fiction, essays, and nonfiction not only resonate with readers on a personal level. They also embody progressive principles of feminism and humanism that make her a renowned influential figure on the literary landscape.
This Literary Chat Salon article explores what sets Daniell apart as one of today’s most notable contemporary authors, touching upon her importance in the history of Savannah's literature, her feminist influence, and her potential impact on future generations of diverse authors and global literary culture. It concludes with a sample lesson plan for teaching classes on the author's considerable literary corpus and impact upon contemporary cultural arts.
This Literary Chat Salon article explores what sets Daniell apart as one of today’s most notable contemporary authors, touching upon her importance in the history of Savannah's literature, her feminist influence, and her potential impact on future generations of diverse authors and global literary culture. It concludes with a sample lesson plan for teaching classes on the author's considerable literary corpus and impact upon contemporary cultural arts.
I. FEMINIST THEMES IN THE AUTHOR’S WORK
Rosemary Daniell's literary journey is steeped in feminist themes that have resonated with readers for decades. Her exploration of the female experience, sexuality, and personal liberation has drawn comparisons to notable feminist authors of the past and present.
To appreciate her feminist contributions, we must draw parallels with other influential women authors. Two such historic, or herstoric, figures are Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) and Sylvia Plath (1932-1963). Like Daniell, Woolf and Plath delved into the complexities of female identity, mental health, and societal expectations. Woolf's A Room of One's Own and Plath's The Bell Jar resonate with themes later evident in Daniell's commitment to breaking free from societal constraints and finding one's authentic self.
To appreciate her feminist contributions, we must draw parallels with other influential women authors. Two such historic, or herstoric, figures are Virginia Woolf (1882-1941) and Sylvia Plath (1932-1963). Like Daniell, Woolf and Plath delved into the complexities of female identity, mental health, and societal expectations. Woolf's A Room of One's Own and Plath's The Bell Jar resonate with themes later evident in Daniell's commitment to breaking free from societal constraints and finding one's authentic self.
It is also worth considering how the author’s courage in addressing topics related to sex, sexuality, and personal experiences reflects the same kind of fearlessness demonstrated by Audre Lorde (1934-1992) in works like Zami, a New Spelling of My Name, and Undersong, Chosen Poems Old and New. Lorde's advocacy for using one's personal experiences to create powerful literature resonates with Daniell's daring approach.
In the modern era, second-wave feminist Erica Jong described the award-winning author of The Murderous Sky: Poems of Madness and Mercy, as “one of the women by whom our age will be known in times to come.”
Daniell's exploration of female identity, sexual liberation, and personal empowerment in works like Fort Bragg and Other Points South, A Sexual Tour of the Deep South, The Woman Who Spilled Words All Over Herself, and Secrets of the Zona Rosa, like works by Woolf and Plath and Jong, has already inspired many to consider women’s realities from fresh perspectives. Her unapologetic embrace of feminine experiences and intuitions challenges the literary world to acknowledge and celebrate women's voices and will likely continue to inspire future generations of women writers.
In the modern era, second-wave feminist Erica Jong described the award-winning author of The Murderous Sky: Poems of Madness and Mercy, as “one of the women by whom our age will be known in times to come.”
Daniell's exploration of female identity, sexual liberation, and personal empowerment in works like Fort Bragg and Other Points South, A Sexual Tour of the Deep South, The Woman Who Spilled Words All Over Herself, and Secrets of the Zona Rosa, like works by Woolf and Plath and Jong, has already inspired many to consider women’s realities from fresh perspectives. Her unapologetic embrace of feminine experiences and intuitions challenges the literary world to acknowledge and celebrate women's voices and will likely continue to inspire future generations of women writers.
II. CONTRIBUTION TO THE HISTORY OF LITERATURE IN SAVANNAH
With its rich literary heritage, Savannah has been the backdrop for many influential writers. Daniell may have been born in Atlanta, but her impact on the literary history of her adopted vibrant home is undeniable. It has not only provided the locale for some of her most compelling work, but provided the real-world setting of her Zona Rosa Way teaching enterprise.
Moreover, along with such talents as John Berendt, Flannery O’Connor (1925-1964), and Johnny Mercer (1909-1976), she was 1 of 37 authors published in the celebrated Literary Savannah travel anthology. Her contribution to the anthology is an excerpt from the book Sleeping with Soldiers (In Search of the Macho Man). The following quote from the same volume appears on the front of Literary Savannah’s first edition: “Savannah is a lovely, pastel dream of tight cobbled streets…. There are legendary scenes…extreme enough to rival any dreamed up by Tennessee Williams.”
Moreover, along with such talents as John Berendt, Flannery O’Connor (1925-1964), and Johnny Mercer (1909-1976), she was 1 of 37 authors published in the celebrated Literary Savannah travel anthology. Her contribution to the anthology is an excerpt from the book Sleeping with Soldiers (In Search of the Macho Man). The following quote from the same volume appears on the front of Literary Savannah’s first edition: “Savannah is a lovely, pastel dream of tight cobbled streets…. There are legendary scenes…extreme enough to rival any dreamed up by Tennessee Williams.”
Flyer for 1996 NATIVE VOICES production, presented by the Savannah Writers Workshop and featuring portrayals of 4 iconic Savannah authors.
In addition, the author’s life story and creative vision were dramatized––alongside that of luminaries O'Connor, Ja A. Jahannes (1942-2015), and Conrad Aiken (1889-1973)––in the 1996 stage production NATIVE VOICES. Such an honor testifies to her significance in Savannah's cultural arts tapestry, showcasing her role and status as a contemporary torchbearer of the city's literary tradition. Her literary contributions continue to enrich the city's cultural landscape.
While Savannah boasts a history of celebrated authors, Daniell's work stands as a modern voice that bridges the gap between tradition and innovation. One small example of this, and why it matters, can be seen when contrasting the body of her work with that of the celebrated O’Connor:
While both women are natives of Georgia, one of the most striking differences between Daniell and O'Connor is their narrative style. Flannery O'Connor, celebrated for her short stories and novels, is renowned for her use of dark humor, grotesque characters, and the integration of her Catholic faith into her narratives. Her stories often explore themes of moral decay, redemption, and the inescapable presence of the divine in everyday life. In contrast, Rosemary Daniell adopts a more personal and confessional tone in her works. She is known for her autobiographical essays and poetry, which often delve into intimate, emotional, and at times, explicit content. Daniell's prose, while distinctly Southern, is rooted in the realm of personal experience and self-exploration.
Both authors, however, share a profound connection to their Southern heritage, and this connection manifests itself in their writings. Both authors grapple with themes of morality and religion, albeit in distinct ways. O'Connor's stories are permeated with religious symbolism and explore the collision of grace and sin. Her characters often undergo moral crises, leading to dramatic and often violent resolutions. In contrast, Daniell's works, particularly her memoirs, delve into individual struggles with spirituality and morality, as well as mortality, but are less overtly religious in their themes. She questions the traditional values of the South and navigates the complexities of modern life.
While both women are natives of Georgia, one of the most striking differences between Daniell and O'Connor is their narrative style. Flannery O'Connor, celebrated for her short stories and novels, is renowned for her use of dark humor, grotesque characters, and the integration of her Catholic faith into her narratives. Her stories often explore themes of moral decay, redemption, and the inescapable presence of the divine in everyday life. In contrast, Rosemary Daniell adopts a more personal and confessional tone in her works. She is known for her autobiographical essays and poetry, which often delve into intimate, emotional, and at times, explicit content. Daniell's prose, while distinctly Southern, is rooted in the realm of personal experience and self-exploration.
Both authors, however, share a profound connection to their Southern heritage, and this connection manifests itself in their writings. Both authors grapple with themes of morality and religion, albeit in distinct ways. O'Connor's stories are permeated with religious symbolism and explore the collision of grace and sin. Her characters often undergo moral crises, leading to dramatic and often violent resolutions. In contrast, Daniell's works, particularly her memoirs, delve into individual struggles with spirituality and morality, as well as mortality, but are less overtly religious in their themes. She questions the traditional values of the South and navigates the complexities of modern life.
III. The Element of Courage
Courage as demonstrated by the themes and subjects which writers present to readers has often stood among the qualities assessed by literary critics to determine the overall value of an author’s work. The unreserved boldness found in British author George Orwell’s (1903-1950) fictionalized critiques of totalitarianism is one example of such bravery that continues to inspire readers and leaders today. So is the fearlessness readers encounter in British-Zimbabwean Doris Lessing’s (1919-2013) extensive body of work dissecting the impact of male-determined priorities within male-dominated societies upon individual female psyches.
Similar uncompromising daring has been a trademark feature of Rosemary Daniell’s poetry and prose since the beginning of her triumphant career. More than a decade before John Berendt pulled open the moss curtain of cultivated charm concealing some of Savannah’s less appealing quirks with 1994’s publication of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, Daniell dismissed magnolia-scented myths regarding the South with her first memoir, Fatal Flowers: On Sin, Sex and Suicide in the Deep South (1980). As described by publisher Henry Holt & Company for the 1989 edition of the title: “Its taboo-shattering descriptions of sexual awakening and self-fulfillment resonate across generations, representing an everywoman`s account of the struggle for female identity in a South still often dominated by male superiority and rigid sexual mores.”
Her commitment since then has not wavered in this regard. It is sometimes uncomfortably evident when reading the straight-no-chaser poems in The Murderous Sky: Poems of Madness and Mercy. Nor is it any less astonishing in the heart-wrenching preliminary pages of the author’s highly-anticipated most recent memoir: My Beautiful Tigers: Forty Years as the Mother of an Opioid Addicted Daughter and a Schizophrenic Son. The fact that both these books have won a coveted William Faulkner-William Award attest to the intense power and enduring relevance of the author’s writings. The subjects of suicide, mental illness, and drug addictions tend to be issues with which many (maybe most) Americans would rather not deal. In this current 21st-century hour, however, avoiding them is no longer an option. Daniell’s work provides readers with insights for coping, surviving, healing, and evolving with their humanity mostly intact.
Similar uncompromising daring has been a trademark feature of Rosemary Daniell’s poetry and prose since the beginning of her triumphant career. More than a decade before John Berendt pulled open the moss curtain of cultivated charm concealing some of Savannah’s less appealing quirks with 1994’s publication of Midnight in the Garden of Good and Evil, Daniell dismissed magnolia-scented myths regarding the South with her first memoir, Fatal Flowers: On Sin, Sex and Suicide in the Deep South (1980). As described by publisher Henry Holt & Company for the 1989 edition of the title: “Its taboo-shattering descriptions of sexual awakening and self-fulfillment resonate across generations, representing an everywoman`s account of the struggle for female identity in a South still often dominated by male superiority and rigid sexual mores.”
Her commitment since then has not wavered in this regard. It is sometimes uncomfortably evident when reading the straight-no-chaser poems in The Murderous Sky: Poems of Madness and Mercy. Nor is it any less astonishing in the heart-wrenching preliminary pages of the author’s highly-anticipated most recent memoir: My Beautiful Tigers: Forty Years as the Mother of an Opioid Addicted Daughter and a Schizophrenic Son. The fact that both these books have won a coveted William Faulkner-William Award attest to the intense power and enduring relevance of the author’s writings. The subjects of suicide, mental illness, and drug addictions tend to be issues with which many (maybe most) Americans would rather not deal. In this current 21st-century hour, however, avoiding them is no longer an option. Daniell’s work provides readers with insights for coping, surviving, healing, and evolving with their humanity mostly intact.
IV. Potential Impact on Diverse Authors and Global Literary Culture
Daniell's legacy extends beyond her immediate literary circle, offering valuable lessons and inspiration for aspiring authors from diverse backgrounds. Her emphasis on sisterhood, self-expression, and empowerment, as seen in her writings and the Zona Rosa workshop founded by her, serves as a beacon for emerging and marginalized voices in the literary world. Moreover, the universal themes explored in the author’s work, such as love, identity, woundedness, and resilience, transcend geographical boundaries.
As her work continues to gain recognition and influence, it has the potential to help shape global literary culture, fostering a greater appreciation for diverse voices and experiences. Her legacy holds the potential to encourage a new generation of diverse authors to embrace their unique perspectives and narratives. What this might or might not mean as women around the world continue to demand fair and equal consideration in their respective communities––such as India, Afghanistan, and Saudi Arabia––makes for exciting possibilities.
V. LESSON PLAN FOR TEACHING ROSEMARY DANIELL'S WORK
OBJECTIVE: To introduce students to the life and works of author Rosemary Daniell and encourage critical analysis of her feminist themes and overall literary impact.
- Pre-Reading Activities: a. Briefly introduce students to author via her background, and her significance in contemporary literature. b. Discuss the concept of feminism and its relevance in literature.
- Reading Selections: a. Assign excerpts from Daniell's works, such as The Woman Who Spilled Words All Over Herself and Secrets of the Zona Rosa, for in-class or at-home reading. b. Encourage students to annotate and reflect on key themes, literary techniques, and their personal responses.
- Class Discussions: a. Facilitate discussions on Daniell's portrayal of female experiences, sexuality, and self-discovery. b. Encourage students to draw connections between her work and the broader feminist literary tradition. c. Explore the impact of her work on contemporary literature.
- Creative Writing Exercise: a. Ask students to write a short piece inspired by Daniell's themes, incorporating their own experiences and perspectives. b. Share and discuss these creative pieces in class.
- Research Project: a. Assign a research project where students investigate Daniell's influence on contemporary literature and her role in Savannah's literary history. b. Have students present their findings to the class.
- Final Reflection: a. Encourage students to reflect on what they have learned about feminism, diverse voices in literature, and the potential impact of their own writing. b. Invite them to share their thoughts on the author’s lasting legacy.
CONCLUSION
Rosemary Daniell's journey as an author-poet-educator has positioned her as a leading literary light in city of Savannah, the state of Georgia, and the broader literary landscape of the United States. Her powerful feminist themes, acclaimed publications in multiple genres, and contributions to Savannah's literary history have made her a notably formidable and influential 21st century author of legendary status. As her work and presence continue to resonate with readers and writers alike, her legacy holds the promise of helping to shape the future of literature and empowering new generations of authors for a very long time.
By Chat Salon Contributor 1122
with editorial input by Aberjhani ©2023
By Chat Salon Contributor 1122
with editorial input by Aberjhani ©2023
Enduring Relevance of Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance in the Discourse of Contemporary Issues
8/25/2023
(Edited detail from Aaron Douglas’s classic 1934 painting “Aspects of the Negro: from Slavery to Reconstruction” listed as public domain. This edit from Bright Skylark LP Archives ©2023)
The early 20th century’s Harlem Renaissance stands as one of the most influential cultural and intellectual movements in American history. It was a vibrant period of artistic and literary expression that showcased the immense talent and creativity of African American artists, writers, musicians, and intellectuals. Although it was most impactful during the 1920s and 1930s, it laid the foundation for much of the subsequent discourse on race, identity, art, and societal transformation that continues today.
In 2003, Aberjhani, in collaboration with his late co-author Sandra L. West and foreword author Dr. Clement Alexander Price, unveiled the Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. In addition, esteemed guest contributors the volume included: article authors Iris Formey-Dawson, Vaughnette Goode-Walker, Mary C. Lewis, and Karen E. Johnson, with an opening epigraph by Ja A. Jahannes.
As we commemorate the encyclopedia’s 20th anniversary, it is essential to recognize the profound significance of this remarkable publication, which has become a treasured resource for scholars, educators, and reading enthusiasts alike. This comprehensive work has not only garnered prestigious awards and secured its place in esteemed library collections worldwide, but continues to offer invaluable insights into the enduring relevance of the Harlem Renaissance and its impact on contemporary issues. Through its meticulous compilation of articles, maps, indices, and insightful introductions from scholars and thinkers, the volume acts as reliable a bridge between the past and the present.
In 2003, Aberjhani, in collaboration with his late co-author Sandra L. West and foreword author Dr. Clement Alexander Price, unveiled the Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. In addition, esteemed guest contributors the volume included: article authors Iris Formey-Dawson, Vaughnette Goode-Walker, Mary C. Lewis, and Karen E. Johnson, with an opening epigraph by Ja A. Jahannes.
As we commemorate the encyclopedia’s 20th anniversary, it is essential to recognize the profound significance of this remarkable publication, which has become a treasured resource for scholars, educators, and reading enthusiasts alike. This comprehensive work has not only garnered prestigious awards and secured its place in esteemed library collections worldwide, but continues to offer invaluable insights into the enduring relevance of the Harlem Renaissance and its impact on contemporary issues. Through its meticulous compilation of articles, maps, indices, and insightful introductions from scholars and thinkers, the volume acts as reliable a bridge between the past and the present.
Early Critical Reception
One of the key strengths of the Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance is its ability to bridge the gap between academic scholarship and accessibility for a wide audience. The articles strike a balance between rigorous research and engaging prose, making it accessible to both scholars and general readers. This achievement is particularly commendable, as it allows the multi-faceted richness of the Harlem Renaissance to be appreciated by individuals from diverse backgrounds and educational levels.
Upon its 2003 release, excellent book reviews for Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance appeared in numerous publications ranging from: the Atlanta Daily World, one of America’s earliest Black newspapers, to Choice, described by West as “the finest library journal, bar none, in the country.” The title was listed as recommended reading by Essence Magazine, noted in The Trenton Times, featured as part of a cover story on Aberjhani for CONNECT Savannah weekly newspaper, and even mentioned in the CAAWC ( Carolina African American Writers Collective) newspaper in Raleigh, North Carolina, which is mailed to ports all over the world. Many more recommended the volume as well. The authors participated in signings and interviews across the country.
Upon its 2003 release, excellent book reviews for Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance appeared in numerous publications ranging from: the Atlanta Daily World, one of America’s earliest Black newspapers, to Choice, described by West as “the finest library journal, bar none, in the country.” The title was listed as recommended reading by Essence Magazine, noted in The Trenton Times, featured as part of a cover story on Aberjhani for CONNECT Savannah weekly newspaper, and even mentioned in the CAAWC ( Carolina African American Writers Collective) newspaper in Raleigh, North Carolina, which is mailed to ports all over the world. Many more recommended the volume as well. The authors participated in signings and interviews across the country.
Celebratory montage of 20th anniversary of ENCYLCLOPEDIA OF THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE (Facts On File/Infobase Publishing) featuring covers of different editions of the encyclopedia.
In 2004, a member of Rutgers University’s Organization of Black Faculty and Staff interviewed Sandra L. West for its EBONY WATCH newsletter. When asked what sets this volume apart from other works on Harlem Renaissance figures at the time, West brilliantly underscored the diverse and holistic nature of the time and the book:
“The Harlem Renaissance was not only a literary period or just a music period, though it sometimes appears that it is, based upon the strength of Langston Hughes' jazz poetry or the development of gospel and jazz music during that period. Aberjhani, the co-author, and I tried to approach the era from many more angles than are likely to be found elsewhere.
“There are discussions in the book, for example, of multicultural and homosexual relationships during the Harlem Renaissance. There is a glossary of slang vocabulary, the distinctive language of Harlemese, which were culled from a ‘jive’ dictionary written by Cab Calloway, Zora Neale Hurston's folklore vocabulary, expressions from the community folk, and other oral history sources.”
“The Harlem Renaissance was not only a literary period or just a music period, though it sometimes appears that it is, based upon the strength of Langston Hughes' jazz poetry or the development of gospel and jazz music during that period. Aberjhani, the co-author, and I tried to approach the era from many more angles than are likely to be found elsewhere.
“There are discussions in the book, for example, of multicultural and homosexual relationships during the Harlem Renaissance. There is a glossary of slang vocabulary, the distinctive language of Harlemese, which were culled from a ‘jive’ dictionary written by Cab Calloway, Zora Neale Hurston's folklore vocabulary, expressions from the community folk, and other oral history sources.”
Moreover, its comprehensive coverage encompasses not only artistic endeavors but also fields like sports, journalism, education, and social impact. The encyclopedia's influence upon contemporary times, including its impact on global movements like Hip-Hop, and its role in helping shape the trajectory of how African-American history is taught or portrayed in popular media, to a degree echoes the far-reaching effect of the renaissance itself.
Controversy over Diversity and Inclusivity
As discussions about Critical Race Theory (CRT) and WOKE philosophy unfold in educational and political spheres across the United States, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance emerges as particularly relevant. The simple reason is because it serves as a testament to the importance of engaging with historical narratives to understand the complexities of race, identity, and society in America.
West’s, Aberjhani’s, and their literary team's work reinforces the notion that grappling with the legacy of systemic racism, injustice, and the quest for equity is not a new concept but one that has spanned generations. The encyclopedia's presence in prestigious libraries and its endorsements from esteemed publications signal its academic credibility, making it a valuable resource for anyone seeking a nuanced understanding of these issues.
West’s, Aberjhani’s, and their literary team's work reinforces the notion that grappling with the legacy of systemic racism, injustice, and the quest for equity is not a new concept but one that has spanned generations. The encyclopedia's presence in prestigious libraries and its endorsements from esteemed publications signal its academic credibility, making it a valuable resource for anyone seeking a nuanced understanding of these issues.
In light of the debates surrounding the incorporation of CRT and WOKE ideology into educational curricula, the book's role as a foundational source of information and perspective should not be underestimated. While some political figures and educators have expressed opposition to these concepts, citing concerns about divisiveness and ideological bias, the encyclopedia stands as a proven example of how historical analysis can inform contemporary discourse without inciting division. It provides a platform for nuanced exploration and encourages critical thinking, essential qualities for fostering a society that values diversity and inclusivity.
Parallel Challenges
For his part, author-artist Aberjhani has frequently drawn parallels between the concerns and challenges of the Harlem Renaissance era and those of modern 21st-century times. Speaking with Angela Kinamore in an interview for African Voices Magazine, he shared the following:
“…Racism is a reality today just as it was a reality back then. The question of the degree to which Blacks control their economic, political, social, and spiritual destinies around the world was relevant back then and is relevant now. The validity that society affords art and the value that society does or does not place upon the lives of creative artists working in any given medium was very much an issue during the renaissance and is very much an issue now."
“…Racism is a reality today just as it was a reality back then. The question of the degree to which Blacks control their economic, political, social, and spiritual destinies around the world was relevant back then and is relevant now. The validity that society affords art and the value that society does or does not place upon the lives of creative artists working in any given medium was very much an issue during the renaissance and is very much an issue now."
"Doubts and concerns regarding leadership," he continued, "were voiced back then and are concerns right now. I would therefore hope that Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance encourages people to first of all confront whatever issues they are facing in their lives with honesty and then to establish some form of public dialogue, if needed, regarding the issue. I would hope this book would inspire them to establish creative solutions to the various challenges in their lives.”
Aberjhani's aspiration that the book inspire creative solutions to contemporary challenges reflects the transformative power of knowledge and the importance of engaging with history to shape a better future. Just as the Harlem Renaissance paved the way for innovative thought and progressive movements, the encyclopedia serves as a touchstone for individuals and communities––like those engaged in BIPOC advocacy, environmental justice, or antiracism activism––seeking to effect positive change.
In Conclusion
Over the course of the past two decades, Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance has transcended its function as a historical reference work. As we celebrate its 20th anniversary, we are reminded of its role as a beacon of knowledge, a catalyst for dialogue, and a testament to the enduring relevance of the Harlem Renaissance's themes.
In an age when the digital realm reigns supreme, West’s, Aberjhani’s, and their team of contributor’s literary work stands as a reminder of the profound impact of print on cultural preservation and transformation. Just as the Harlem Renaissance paved the way for change, so too does this encyclopedia continue to spark conversations, inspire creative solutions, and ignite a passion for understanding the interconnectedness of our shared history.
Chat 444 Feature Contributor
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2023
for Bright Skylark Literary Productions
In an age when the digital realm reigns supreme, West’s, Aberjhani’s, and their team of contributor’s literary work stands as a reminder of the profound impact of print on cultural preservation and transformation. Just as the Harlem Renaissance paved the way for change, so too does this encyclopedia continue to spark conversations, inspire creative solutions, and ignite a passion for understanding the interconnectedness of our shared history.
Chat 444 Feature Contributor
Special to AI Literary Chat Salon 2023
for Bright Skylark Literary Productions
Articles in AI Literary Chat Salon are written in partnership with chat bots to achieve a wide spectrum of balanced objective input and authentic human considerations. All feedback related to posts welcomed.
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